IHPE, Université de Montpellier, CNRS, Ifremer, Université de Perpignan Via Domitia, Place E. Bataillon, 34095, Montpellier, France.
LEMAR UMR 6539, UBO/CNRS/IRD/Ifremer, 11 presqu'île du vivier, 29840, Argenton-en-Landunvez, France.
Nat Commun. 2018 Oct 11;9(1):4215. doi: 10.1038/s41467-018-06659-3.
Infectious diseases are mostly explored using reductionist approaches despite repeated evidence showing them to be strongly influenced by numerous interacting host and environmental factors. Many diseases with a complex aetiology therefore remain misunderstood. By developing a holistic approach to tackle the complexity of interactions, we decipher the complex intra-host interactions underlying Pacific oyster mortality syndrome affecting juveniles of Crassostrea gigas, the main oyster species exploited worldwide. Using experimental infections reproducing the natural route of infection and combining thorough molecular analyses of oyster families with contrasted susceptibilities, we demonstrate that the disease is caused by multiple infection with an initial and necessary step of infection of oyster haemocytes by the Ostreid herpesvirus OsHV-1 µVar. Viral replication leads to the host entering an immune-compromised state, evolving towards subsequent bacteraemia by opportunistic bacteria. We propose the application of our integrative approach to decipher other multifactorial diseases that affect non-model species worldwide.
传染病大多采用还原论方法进行研究，尽管有反复的证据表明，它们受到许多相互作用的宿主和环境因素的强烈影响。因此，许多病因复杂的疾病仍然难以理解。通过采用整体方法来解决相互作用的复杂性，我们可以破译影响太平洋牡蛎幼体的牡蛎死亡综合征的复杂的宿主内相互作用，太平洋牡蛎是全球主要的牡蛎物种。我们通过模拟自然感染途径的实验感染，并结合对具有不同易感性的牡蛎家族进行全面的分子分析，证明该疾病是由多重感染引起的，最初且必要的感染步骤是牡蛎血细胞被牡蛎疱疹病毒 OsHV-1µVar 感染。病毒复制导致宿主进入免疫受损状态，通过机会性细菌进化为随后的菌血症。我们建议应用我们的综合方法来破译影响全球非模式物种的其他多因素疾病。
