Environmental Research Group for Resource Recovery, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
Environmental Research Group for Resource Recovery, Department of Civil Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Architecture and Science, Ryerson University, 350 Victoria Street, Toronto, Ontario, M5B 2K3, Canada.
J Environ Manage. 2019 Mar 1;233:774-784. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2018.09.106. Epub 2018 Oct 9.
The rapid depletion of natural resources and the environmental concerns associated with the use of fossil fuels as the main source of global energy is leading to an increased interest in alternative and renewable energy sources. Particular interest has been given to the lignocellulosic biomass as the most abundant source of organic matter with a potential of being utilized for energy recovery. Different approaches have been applied to convert the lignocellulosic biomass to energy products including anaerobic digestion (AD), fermentation, combustion, pyrolysis, and gasification. The AD process has been proven as an effective technology for converting organic material into energy in the form of methane-rich biogas. However, the complex structure of the lignocellulosic biomass comprised of cellulose, hemicelluloses, and lignin hinders the ability of microorganisms in an AD process to degrade and convert these compounds to biogas. Therefore, a pretreatment step is essential to improve the degradability of the lignocellulosic biomass to achieve higher biogas rate and yield. A system that uses pretreatment and AD is known as advanced AD. Several pretreatment methods have been studied over the past few years including physical, thermal, chemical and biological pretreatment. This paper reviews the enzymatic pretreatment as one of the biological pretreatment methods which has received less attention in the literature than the other pretreatment methods. This paper includes a review of lignocellulosic biomass composition, AD process, challenges in degrading lignocellulosic materials, the current status of research to improve the biogas rate and yield from the AD of lignocellulosic biomass via enzymatic pretreatment, and the future trend in research for the reduction of enzymatic pretreatment cost.
自然资源的迅速枯竭以及化石燃料作为全球能源主要来源所带来的环境问题，促使人们对替代能源和可再生能源产生了浓厚的兴趣。木质纤维素生物质作为最丰富的有机物来源，具有作为能源回收利用的潜力，因此受到了特别关注。人们已经采用了不同的方法来将木质纤维素生物质转化为能源产品，包括厌氧消化（AD）、发酵、燃烧、热解和气化。AD 工艺已被证明是一种将有机物质转化为富含甲烷的沼气形式的有效能源技术。然而，木质纤维素生物质的复杂结构由纤维素、半纤维素和木质素组成，这阻碍了 AD 工艺中微生物降解和转化这些化合物为沼气的能力。因此，需要进行预处理步骤来提高木质纤维素生物质的可降解性，以实现更高的沼气率和产量。使用预处理和 AD 的系统称为先进 AD。在过去的几年中，已经研究了几种预处理方法，包括物理、热、化学和生物预处理。本文综述了酶预处理作为生物预处理方法之一，与其他预处理方法相比，该方法在文献中受到的关注较少。本文包括对木质纤维素生物质组成、AD 工艺、降解木质纤维素材料的挑战、通过酶预处理提高 AD 木质纤维素生物质产沼气率和产量的研究现状，以及降低酶预处理成本的研究未来趋势。
