Department of Biomedical Engineering, The City College of the City University of New York, New York, NY, USA.
Adv Exp Med Biol. 2018;1097:235-259. doi: 10.1007/978-3-319-96445-4_13.
The blood-brain barrier (BBB) is a dynamic barrier essential for maintaining the microenvironment of the brain. Although the special anatomical features of the BBB determine its protective role for the central nervous system (CNS) from blood-borne neurotoxins, however, the BBB extremely limits the therapeutic efficacy of drugs into the CNS, which greatly hinders the treatment of major brain diseases. This chapter summarized the unique structures of the BBB; described a variety of in vivo and in vitro experimental methods for determining the transport properties of the BBB and the permeability of the BBB to water, ions, and solutes including nutrients, therapeutic agents, and drug carriers; and presented recently developed mathematical models which quantitatively correlate the anatomical structures of the BBB with its barrier functions. Recent findings for modulation of the BBB permeability by chemical and physical stimuli were described. Finally, drug delivery strategies through specific trans-BBB routes were discussed.
血脑屏障（BBB）是维持大脑微环境所必需的动态屏障。尽管 BBB 的特殊解剖学特征决定了其对中枢神经系统（CNS）免受血源性神经毒素的保护作用，但 BBB 极大地限制了药物进入 CNS 的治疗效果，这极大地阻碍了重大脑部疾病的治疗。本章总结了 BBB 的独特结构；描述了各种用于确定 BBB 的转运特性和 BBB 对水、离子和溶质（包括营养物质、治疗剂和药物载体）的通透性的体内和体外实验方法；并介绍了最近开发的数学模型，这些模型将 BBB 的解剖结构与其屏障功能定量相关联。描述了通过化学和物理刺激调节 BBB 通透性的最新发现。最后，讨论了通过特定的跨 BBB 途径进行药物递送的策略。
