Laboratory of Experimental Virology, Department of Medical Microbiology, Academic Medical Center, University of Amsterdam, 1105AZ Amsterdam, the Netherlands.
Department of Virology, Biomedical Primate Research Centre, 2288GJ Rijswijk, the Netherlands.
Virus Res. 2018 Sep 15;257:120-124. doi: 10.1016/j.virusres.2018.09.002.
The increase of the human population is accompanied by growing numbers of livestock to feed this population, as well as by an increase of human invasion into natural habitats of wild animals. As a result, both animals and humans are becoming progressively vulnerable to infections with known (zoonotic) pathogens, but are also increasingly exposed to novel viruses. Global trade as well as climate changes can contribute to pathogen transmission, e.g. through import of infected vectors or expansion of habitats for arthropod vectors such as mosquitoes and midges. Infectious disease outbreaks, especially those by novel viruses, are generally unexpected, and therefore we should be prepared with tools and abilities for immediate action, including the identification of the causative agent, the evaluation of its pathogenic potential for animals and humans, and the fast development of diagnostic assays to allow contact tracing and quarantine measures. HONOURs is a Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions Innovative Training Network (MSCA-ITN), teaching 15 talented young researchers to become "preparedness-experts". HONOURs, initiated in April 2017, involves 11 laboratories from 6 different European countries, all at the forefront of novel virus investigations and characterizations. The network includes surveillance experts in both the veterinary and the human health sector, who have developed and utilize highly sensitive virus discovery techniques, e.g. next generation sequencing based genomics and universal primers based PCR, to allow identification and characterization of novel viruses. Production of pure viral proteins, providing high-resolution structures, aids in the design of novel, fast and easy-to-use diagnostics. Organotypic in vitro cell cultures systems (e.g. pseudostratified human airway epithelia) provide tools for virus replication, if needed via a reverse genetics platform, and the production of virus stocks permits inoculation in animal models to examine disease, evaluate candidate vaccines, and fulfilment of the Koch's postulates. Scientists of the various institutes will provide training in the HONOURs network through specialized courses and workshops, combined with challenging research projects. The final aim of the network is to deliver 15 expert scientists, ready to act in case of the emergence of an epidemic.
人口增长伴随着为养活这些人口而增加的牲畜数量，以及人类对野生动物自然栖息地的入侵增加。因此，动物和人类都越来越容易受到已知（人畜共患）病原体的感染，但也越来越容易接触到新型病毒。全球贸易以及气候变化可能会导致病原体传播，例如通过输入受感染的媒介物或扩大蚊子和蠓等节肢动物媒介物的栖息地。传染病暴发，特别是新型病毒引起的暴发，通常是意料之外的，因此我们应该准备好立即采取行动的工具和能力，包括鉴定病原体、评估其对动物和人类的致病潜力，以及快速开发诊断检测方法，以便进行接触者追踪和检疫措施。HONOURs 是一项 Marie Skłodowska-Curie Actions 创新培训网络（MSCA-ITN），教授 15 名有才华的年轻研究人员成为“备灾专家”。HONOURs 于 2017 年 4 月启动，涉及来自 6 个不同欧洲国家的 11 个实验室，这些实验室都处于新型病毒研究和鉴定的前沿。该网络包括兽医和人类健康部门的监测专家，他们开发并利用高度敏感的病毒发现技术，例如基于下一代测序的基因组学和基于通用引物的 PCR，以鉴定和鉴定新型病毒。纯病毒蛋白的生产提供了高分辨率结构，有助于设计新型、快速且易于使用的诊断方法。器官型体外细胞培养系统（例如假复层人呼吸道上皮）提供了病毒复制的工具，如果需要，可以通过反向遗传学平台进行，病毒株的生产允许在动物模型中接种以检查疾病、评估候选疫苗，并满足科赫假设。各个研究所的科学家将通过专门的课程和研讨会，结合具有挑战性的研究项目，在 HONOURs 网络中提供培训。该网络的最终目标是培养 15 名专家科学家，以便在出现疫情时能够立即采取行动。
