Chen Haoyu, Ning Xueling, Wang Lingwei, Yang Jiongjiong
School of Psychological and Cognitive Sciences, Beijing Key Laboratory of Behavior and Mental Health, Peking University, Beijing, China.
Front Psychol. 2018 Sep 24;9:1734. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01734. eCollection 2018.
One influential theory on object knowledge is feature-based model, which proposes that the object knowledge is organized by different feature types, such as sensory/perceptual and motor/functional ones. Previous studies have shown that prior knowledge enhances the processes of acquiring and remembering relevant information. However, whether the effect of prior knowledge is applied to different types of conceptual information over time remains unclear. In this study, we addressed this question by testing memory of different types of object features at various retention intervals. The level of prior knowledge was manipulated as object features from familiar and unfamiliar categories. In Experiments 1 and 2, sentences that described the perceptual and functional features of new words were presented. Sentences with episodic features were additionally presented in Experiment 2. The participants were then tested with recognition (Experiment 1) and recall (Experiment 2) tasks at different retention intervals. The results showed that prior knowledge enhanced memory for perceptual features but not for functional and episodic features. Such enhancement depended on the recollection process. In addition, the effect of prior knowledge on perceptual features remained stable over time. This study clarified how different types of new factual information were acquired and maintained and highlighted the importance of prior knowledge in acquiring new conceptual knowledge with the passage of time.
一种关于客体知识的有影响力的理论是基于特征的模型，该模型提出客体知识是由不同的特征类型组织起来的，比如感官/知觉特征和运动/功能特征。先前的研究表明，先验知识会增强获取和记忆相关信息的过程。然而，随着时间的推移，先验知识的影响是否适用于不同类型的概念信息仍不清楚。在本研究中，我们通过在不同的保持间隔测试不同类型客体特征的记忆来解决这个问题。先验知识的水平被操纵为来自熟悉和不熟悉类别的客体特征。在实验1和实验2中，呈现了描述新单词的知觉和功能特征的句子。实验2中还额外呈现了具有情景特征的句子。然后，参与者在不同的保持间隔接受识别（实验1）和回忆（实验2）任务的测试。结果表明，先验知识增强了对知觉特征的记忆，但对功能和情景特征没有增强作用。这种增强依赖于回忆过程。此外，先验知识对知觉特征的影响随着时间的推移保持稳定。本研究阐明了不同类型的新事实信息是如何被获取和保持的，并突出了先验知识在随着时间推移获取新的概念知识方面的重要性。
