Schiff E R
Am J Gastroenterol. 1987 Apr;82(4):287-91.
There are presently available immune globulin preparations of proven efficacy and safety in the prophylaxis of type A and B viral hepatitis. Active vaccines for prevention of type B hepatitis are now available and are safe and effective. None of these preparations has been associated with the development of HTLV-III/LAV/HIV infection. Preexposure prophylaxis for type B hepatitis is indicated for health care workers who have frequent contact with blood, and most endoscopists would be among this group of high-risk individuals. Prenatal screening of pregnant women for HBsAg provides an opportunity to intervene in the vicious cycle of perpetuating a population of hepatitis B carriers via perinatal transmission. Unfortunately until serological tags for the non-A non-B hepatitis viruses are identified, there will be no effective vaccination for this form of hepatitis. Patients who already have acute or chronic viral hepatitis must await the advent of safe and effective antiviral agents for treatment of these viral infections.
目前已有经证实对预防甲型和乙型病毒性肝炎安全有效的免疫球蛋白制剂。预防乙型肝炎的活性疫苗现已可用，且安全有效。这些制剂均未发现与人类嗜T淋巴细胞病毒III型/淋巴腺病相关病毒/艾滋病毒感染的发生有关。对经常接触血液的医护人员，建议进行乙型肝炎暴露前预防，大多数内镜医师属于这一高危人群。对孕妇进行乙肝表面抗原产前筛查，为干预通过围产期传播使乙肝携带者群体持续存在的恶性循环提供了机会。不幸的是，在非甲非乙型肝炎病毒的血清学标记物被识别之前，这种形式的肝炎将没有有效的疫苗。已经患有急性或慢性病毒性肝炎的患者必须等待安全有效的抗病毒药物问世，以治疗这些病毒感染。
