Department of Pharmaceutical Biotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Department of Pharmaceutics and Nanotechnology, School of Pharmacy, Shahid Beheshti University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran.
Curr Gene Ther. 2018;18(6):336-350. doi: 10.2174/1566523218666181017163204.
Exosomes play a critical role in intercellular communication between cancer cells and their environments. These secreted nanovesicles can transfer different cargos such as mRNAs, proteins and microRNA (miRNA) to recipient cells. Exosomal miRNAs (exomiRs) derived from tumor cells have emerged as key players in cancer promotion via impairment of the immune system response, tumor growth, metastasis, angiogenesis, and chemotherapeutic drug resistance. Moreover, since dysregulation of miRNA expression in tumor cells can be reflected by distinct profiles of exomiRs extracted from the bodily fluids of cancer patients, they can be considered as non-invasive diagnostic, prognostic and predictive biomarkers. Additionally, due to the critical roles of exomiRs in cancer promotion, targeting of various aspects of exosome biogenesis, miRNA sorting or loading has been suggested as a novel approach for cancer therapy. Firstly, this review aims to describe the biosynthesis and trafficking of exosomes as well as their isolation, characterization and content. Next, the recent advances on the role of exomiRs in cancer promotion as well as the application of exomiR as a cancer biomarker and therapeutic target are reviewed.
外泌体在癌细胞与其环境之间的细胞间通讯中发挥着关键作用。这些分泌的纳米囊泡可以将不同的货物，如 mRNA、蛋白质和 microRNA（miRNA）转移到受体细胞。源自肿瘤细胞的外泌体 miRNA（exomiRs）通过损害免疫系统反应、肿瘤生长、转移、血管生成和化疗药物耐药性，成为促进癌症的关键因素。此外，由于肿瘤细胞中 miRNA 表达的失调可以通过从癌症患者的体液中提取的 exomiRs 的不同特征来反映，因此它们可以被视为非侵入性的诊断、预后和预测生物标志物。此外，由于 exomiRs 在癌症促进中的关键作用，靶向各种外泌体生物发生、miRNA 分拣或加载方面已被提议作为癌症治疗的一种新方法。首先，本综述旨在描述外泌体的生物合成和转运以及它们的分离、表征和内容。接下来，综述了 exomiRs 在癌症促进中的作用以及 exomiR 作为癌症生物标志物和治疗靶点的应用的最新进展。
