Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan
Institute of Microbiology, University of Agriculture, Faisalabad, Pakistan.
mSphere. 2018 Oct 17;3(5):e00522-18. doi: 10.1128/mSphere.00522-18.
The immunoprophylactic potential of anti-idiotype (anti-id) foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) antigen (Ag) was evaluated in the calves. The idiotype antibodies (Ab1) were produced in experimental goats by injecting inactivated FMD virus. The Fab (fragment antigen binding) of Ab1 was injected into the layer birds to raise anti-id antibodies (Ab2). The Ab2 was purified from egg yolks. The Fab component of Ab2 was emulsified in Montanide (1:1) and used as a surrogate of FMD virus. The immune response to Montanide adjuvanted monovalent and trivalent anti-id FMD virus antigen was determined in mice. The comparative immune potentiation potentials of Montanide adjuvanted trivalent anti-id FMD virus antigen and trivalent FMD vaccine were determined in mice and calves. Montanide adjuvanted monovalent anti-id FMD virus antigens produced mean Ab titers of 78.80%, 81.30%, and 81.20% for serotypes A, Asia 1, and O, respectively, at 45 days postimmunization (p.i.) in mice. Montanide adjuvanted trivalent anti-id FMD Ag in mice produced the highest Ab titer, 81.60%, at day 45 compared to the 77.50% titer measured for Montanide adjuvanted FMD vaccine at day 45 p.i. A slow decrease of 1% to 2% was recorded for the Ab titer of Montanide adjuvanted trivalent anti-id FMD virus antigen in mice at day 60. In calves, the titer corresponding to the immune response seen with Montanide adjuvanted trivalent anti-id FMD virus antigen (80%) was persistent whereas the titer of Montanide adjuvanted FMD vaccine decreased to 74% at day 60 p.i. Anti-id FMD virus antigen induced a strong and persistent immunogenic response in terms of Ab titer compared to the inactivated virus vaccine. Anti-id FMD virus antigen may serve as a surrogate of FMD virus vaccine. Foot-and-mouth disease (FMD) is a contagious viral disease of animals. Multiple serotypes and antigenic variation in the viral genome are probably the factors that reduce control of the disease. Currently, the vaccines employed against FMD use killed virus. The inactivation or killing of the virus makes it less immunogenic and reduces its immunoprophylactic potential. To cope with this situation, the present study was designed, anti-idiotype FMD virus antigen was prepared, and the immunogenic potential of the antigen was compared to that of commercial killed-virus vaccines. The overall results showed that a persistent and strong immune response occurred with anti-idiotype FMD virus antigen. Thus, anti-idiotype FMD virus antigen may serve as a potential surrogate of FMD virus vaccines.
评估了抗独特型（抗-Id）口蹄疫（FMD）抗原（Ag）在犊牛中的免疫预防潜力。通过向实验山羊注射灭活的 FMD 病毒产生独特型抗体（Ab1）。将 Ab1 的 Fab（抗原结合片段）注射到层禽中以产生抗-Id 抗体（Ab2）。从蛋黄中纯化 Ab2。Ab2 的 Fab 成分在 Montanide（1:1）中乳化，用作 FMD 病毒的替代物。在小鼠中确定了单价和三价抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原与 Montanide 佐剂的免疫反应。在小鼠和犊牛中确定了 Montanide 佐剂的三价抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原与三价 FMD 疫苗的比较免疫增强潜力。在小鼠中，单价抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原与 Montanide 佐剂在 45 天免疫后（p.i.）分别产生针对血清型 A、Asia 1 和 O 的平均 Ab 滴度为 78.80%、81.30%和 81.20%。在小鼠中，与 45 天 p.i.时测量的 Montanide 佐剂 FMD 疫苗的 77.50%滴度相比，单价抗-Id FMD Ag 产生的 Ab 滴度最高，为 81.60%。在 60 天时，Montanide 佐剂的三价抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原的 Ab 滴度记录了 1%至 2%的缓慢下降。在犊牛中，与 Montanide 佐剂的三价抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原（80%）引起的免疫反应相对应的滴度持续存在，而 Montanide 佐剂 FMD 疫苗的滴度在 60 天 p.i.时下降至 74%。与灭活病毒疫苗相比，抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原在 Ab 滴度方面诱导了强烈和持久的免疫反应。抗-Id FMD 病毒抗原可能是 FMD 病毒疫苗的替代品。口蹄疫（FMD）是一种动物传染性病毒病。病毒基因组中的多种血清型和抗原变异可能是降低疾病控制的因素。目前，用于 FMD 的疫苗使用灭活病毒。病毒的失活或杀灭使其免疫原性降低，降低了其免疫预防潜力。为了应对这种情况，进行了本研究，制备了抗独特型 FMD 病毒抗原，并将抗原的免疫原性与商业灭活病毒疫苗进行了比较。总体结果表明，抗独特型 FMD 病毒抗原引起了持续而强烈的免疫反应。因此，抗独特型 FMD 病毒抗原可能是 FMD 病毒疫苗的潜在替代品。
