Wang Xiukang, Wang Ning, Xing Yingying, Yun Jia, Zhang Huihui
Shaanxi Engineering and Technological Research Center for Conversation and Utilization of Regional Biological Resources, College of Life Sciences, Yan'an University, Yan'an, China.
Front Plant Sci. 2018 Oct 2;9:1446. doi: 10.3389/fpls.2018.01446. eCollection 2018.
The demand for increased grain production to support population and consumption growth has led to increased interest in field management approaches that incorporate plastic mulching and fertilization management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the effects of plastic mulching and basal nitrogen (N)-fertilizer application depth on N balance estimations, N use efficiency (NUE) and maize yield. The experiment was conducted in 2014 and 2015 with six treatments: no N fertilizer and no mulching (CK), traditional broadcast N fertilizer with mulching (T0), basal N-fertilizer application at a depth of 6 cm with no mulching (T1), basal N-fertilizer application at a depth of 6 cm with plastic mulching (T2), basal N-fertilizer application at a depth of 12 cm with no mulching (T3) and basal N-fertilizer application at a depth of 12 cm with plastic mulching (T4). Mulching and basal N-fertilizer application depth each had significant effects on grain yield, but there were no significant interactions between them. The highest grain yield was observed in the T2 treatment and was 89.1% and 99.8% higher than the grain yield in the CK treatment in 2014 and 2015, respectively. The N uptake in T2 was 21.3% and 25.3% higher than that in the T0 treatment in 2014 and 2015, respectively. Relative to the value in the T0 treatment, the mean N loss over the 2 years was reduced by 34.6% in T2 and by 39.8% in T4. The basal N-fertilizer application depth of 12 cm yielded an obvious increase in NUE, but a high N residual remained below 50 cm after harvest, indicating the higher potential for N losses. In addition, the field application of this type of fertilizer management would require more labor in the absence of the implementation of mechanization. Based on the results, basal N-fertilizer application a depth of 6 cm without plastic mulching is recommended because it significantly increased grain yield and NUE, reduced N loss and requires no investment in plastic film, which are conducive to food security and environmental conservation.
为满足人口增长和消费增长对粮食产量增加的需求，人们对采用地膜覆盖和施肥管理的田间管理方法的兴趣日益浓厚。本研究旨在探讨地膜覆盖和基肥施氮深度对氮平衡估算、氮素利用效率（NUE）和玉米产量的影响。试验于2014年和2015年进行，设置6个处理：不施氮肥不覆盖地膜（CK）、传统撒施氮肥并覆盖地膜（T0）、基肥施氮深度6 cm不覆盖地膜（T1）、基肥施氮深度6 cm覆盖地膜（T2）、基肥施氮深度12 cm不覆盖地膜（T3）、基肥施氮深度12 cm覆盖地膜（T4）。地膜覆盖和基肥施氮深度对籽粒产量均有显著影响，但二者之间无显著交互作用。T2处理的籽粒产量最高，分别比2014年和2015年CK处理的籽粒产量高89.1%和99.8%。2014年和2015年，T2处理的氮素吸收量分别比T0处理高21.3%和25.3%。与T0处理相比，T2处理两年的平均氮损失降低了34.6%，T4处理降低了39.8%。基肥施氮深度12 cm时氮素利用效率明显提高，但收获后50 cm以下仍有较高的氮残留，表明氮损失潜力较大。此外，在未实现机械化的情况下，这种肥料管理方式的田间应用需要更多劳动力。基于试验结果，建议基肥施氮深度6 cm且不覆盖地膜，因为这显著提高了籽粒产量和氮素利用效率，减少了氮损失，且无需地膜投资，有利于粮食安全和环境保护。
Zotero 插件
