College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
College of Agronomy, State Key Laboratory for Crop Stress Resistance and High Efficiency Production, Northwest A&F University, Yangling, Shaanxi, 712100, China.
J Environ Manage. 2024 Aug;366:121837. doi: 10.1016/j.jenvman.2024.121837. Epub 2024 Jul 14.
Implementing continue straw returning practices and optimizing nitrogen application can mitigate nitrogen losses and enhance nitrogen use efficiency (NUE) in dryland. N-labeled technique offers a robust approach for tracking fertilizer nitrogen fate and assessing nitrogen use efficiency. Based on the continue (>6 yr) experiment, we conducted a two-year experiment (2020 and 2021) to evaluate the effects of straw returning and nitrogen management under plastic film mulching on N recovery rates, NO emissions and maize yield with three treatments: no straw returning with 225 kg N·ha under plastic film mulching (RP-N), straw returning with 225 kg N·ha under plastic film mulching (RPS-N), and straw returning with 20% nitrogen reduction (180 kg N·ha) under plastic film mulching (RPS-N). After six years, both continue straw returning with plastic film mulching increased uptake of fertilizer nitrogen, had higher N recovery rates than RP-N, leading to increased N accumulation in grain and aboveground biomass, ultimately enhancing yield. The RPS-N treatment exhibited the highest spring maize yield and nitrogen harvest index. The RPS-N treatment significantly increased maize yield more than RP-N and had the highest NUE, partial factor productivity of nitrogen fertilizer, and nitrogen uptake efficiency, with improvements ranging from 1.7 to 2.4%, 19.3-29.6%, and 17.3-27.5%, respectively, compared to the other treatments. Moreover, RPS-N resulted in significantly higher cumulative NO emissions and yield-scaled NO emissions than the other treatments, whereas the RPS-N treatment significantly decreased yield-scaled NO emissions compared to RP-N. Hence, combining continue straw returning with appropriate nitrogen reduction can effectively increase maize yield and yield-scaled NO emissions. By offering insights into optimizing nitrogen fertilizer management after continue maize straw return, this study is contributed to widespread adoption of straw return practices and sustainable agricultural development in semi-arid areas.
实施秸秆还田并优化氮肥施用量可以减少旱地氮素损失，提高氮素利用效率（NUE）。氮标记技术为追踪肥料氮素去向和评估氮素利用效率提供了一种强有力的方法。基于持续（>6 年）试验，我们进行了为期两年的试验（2020 年和 2021 年），以评估覆膜条件下秸秆还田和氮肥管理对氮回收率、NO 排放和玉米产量的影响，共设置 3 个处理：覆膜条件下不还秸秆且施氮 225kg·ha-1（RP-N）、覆膜条件下还秸秆且施氮 225kg·ha-1（RPS-N）、覆膜条件下还秸秆且施氮 20%减量（180kg·ha-1）（RPS-N）。6 年后，秸秆还田并覆膜均提高了肥料氮素的吸收，氮回收率高于 RP-N，导致籽粒和地上生物量氮素积累增加，最终提高了产量。RPS-N 处理的春玉米产量和氮收获指数最高。与 RP-N 相比，RPS-N 处理显著提高了玉米产量，氮素利用效率、氮肥偏生产力和氮素吸收效率分别提高了 1.7%2.4%、19.3%29.6%和 17.3%~27.5%。此外，RPS-N 处理的累积 NO 排放和产量标准化 NO 排放显著高于其他处理，而 RPS-N 处理的产量标准化 NO 排放显著低于 RP-N。因此，结合秸秆还田和适当的氮肥减量可以有效提高玉米产量和产量标准化 NO 排放。本研究为优化秸秆还田后氮肥管理提供了参考，有助于半干旱地区广泛采用秸秆还田措施和可持续农业发展。
