Mikulás Krisztina, Linninger Mercedes, Takács Emőke, Kispélyi Barbara, Nagy Katalin, Fejérdy Pál, Hermann Péter
Fogorvostudományi Kar, Fogpótlástani Klinika, Semmelweis Egyetem Budapest, Szentkirályi u. 47., 1088.
Fogorvostudományi Kar, Szegedi Tudományegyetem Szeged.
Orv Hetil. 2018 Oct;159(42):1700-1709. doi: 10.1556/650.2018.31215.
Dental amalgam has been used for more than 150 years due to its beneficial mechanical properties and durability in dentistry. In the past and to date, many questions about amalgam restorations have arisen, especially regarding the mercury content, which has been the subject of global disputes. By presenting the past and present of the 'amalgam issue', the aim of our paper is to display the current position of international literature. This summary is based on the publications in the PubMed database, the guidelines of the Council of European Dentists. Although the use of dental amalgam is widespread, concerns have been raised about the adverse effect on human health and the environment, focusing on its heavy metal pollution during waste treatment. In 2017, the European Union (EU) adopted the so-called Mercury Regulation, based on the United Nations Minamata Convention on Mercury, the recommendations of which are presented in the present review. This Regulation includes the requirement for EU Member States to develop a national action plan for the phase-down of amalgam. The feasibility plan for complete phase-out may be guaranteed by 2030. The authors discuss the advantages and disadvantages of possible amalgam alternatives by presenting glass-ionomers and resin-based composites. In the future, more material research programmes and long-term follow-up studies are necessary. In addition to several global health organizations, the Council of European Dentists also draws attention to prevent dental caries, expecting to reduce the number of restorations. Orv Hetil. 2018; 159(42): 1700-1709.
由于其有益的机械性能和在牙科领域的耐用性，牙科汞合金已被使用超过150年。过去乃至如今，关于汞合金修复体出现了许多问题，尤其是汞含量问题，这一直是全球争议的焦点。通过呈现“汞合金问题”的过去和现在，我们论文的目的是展示国际文献的当前立场。本综述基于PubMed数据库中的出版物以及欧洲牙医理事会的指南。尽管牙科汞合金的使用很广泛，但人们对其对人类健康和环境的不利影响表示担忧，重点是其在废物处理过程中的重金属污染。2017年，欧盟（EU）根据联合国《汞问题水俣公约》通过了所谓的《汞法规》，本综述介绍了该法规的建议。该法规要求欧盟成员国制定逐步减少汞合金使用的国家行动计划。到2030年可能确保完全淘汰的可行性计划。作者通过介绍玻璃离子体和树脂基复合材料讨论了汞合金替代材料的优缺点。未来，需要更多的材料研究项目和长期随访研究。除了几个全球卫生组织外，欧洲牙医理事会也提请注意预防龋齿，期望减少修复体的数量。《匈牙利医学周报》。2018年；159(42):1700 - 1709。
