School of Sport, Exercise and Rehabilitation Sciences, University of Birmingham, Birmingham B15 2TT, UK.
Department for Health, University of Bath, Bath BA2 7AY, UK.
Proc Nutr Soc. 2019 Feb;78(1):110-117. doi: 10.1017/S0029665118002574. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
The objective of this review paper is to evaluate the impact of undertaking aerobic exercise in the overnight-fasted v. fed-state, in the context of optimising the health benefits of regular physical activity. Conducting a single bout of aerobic exercise in the overnight-fasted v. fed-state can differentially modulate the aspects of metabolism and energy balance behaviours. This includes, but is not limited to, increased utilisation of fat as a fuel source, improved plasma lipid profiles, enhanced activation of molecular signalling pathways related to fuel metabolism in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue, and reductions in energy intake over the course of a day. The impact of a single bout of overnight-fasted v. fed-state exercise on short-term glycaemic control is variable, being affected by the experimental conditions, the time frame of measurement and possibly the subject population studied. The health response to undertaking overnight-fasted v. fed-state exercise for a sustained period of time in the form of exercise training is less clear, due to a limited number of studies. From the extant literature, there is evidence that overnight-fasted exercise in young, healthy men can enhance training-induced adaptations in skeletal muscle metabolic profile, and mitigate against the negative consequences of short-term excess energy intake on glucose tolerance compared with exercising in the fed-state. Nonetheless, further long-term studies are required, particularly in populations at-risk or living with cardio-metabolic disease to elucidate if feeding status prior to exercise modulates metabolism or energy balance behaviours to an extent that could impact upon the health or therapeutic benefits of exercise.
本文旨在评估在优化定期体育活动健康效益的背景下，空腹与进食状态下进行有氧运动对健康的影响。在空腹与进食状态下进行单次有氧运动可不同程度地调节代谢和能量平衡行为的各个方面。这包括但不限于增加脂肪作为燃料来源的利用率、改善血浆脂质谱、增强与骨骼肌和脂肪组织燃料代谢相关的分子信号通路的激活，以及全天能量摄入的减少。单次空腹与进食状态下运动对短期血糖控制的影响是可变的，受实验条件、测量时间框架以及研究对象人群的影响。由于研究数量有限，以运动训练形式长时间进行空腹与进食状态下运动对健康的反应尚不清楚。根据现有文献，有证据表明，在年轻健康男性中进行空腹运动可以增强训练引起的骨骼肌代谢特征的适应性，并减轻短期能量摄入过多对葡萄糖耐量的负面影响，而与进食状态下运动相比。然而，需要进一步的长期研究，特别是在有心血管代谢疾病风险或患有该疾病的人群中，以阐明运动前的进食状态是否会在一定程度上调节代谢或能量平衡行为，从而影响运动的健康或治疗效益。
