Department of Physical Education and Sport Sciences, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Health Research Institute, University of Limerick, Limerick, Ireland.
Scand J Med Sci Sports. 2018 May;28(5):1476-1493. doi: 10.1111/sms.13054. Epub 2018 Feb 23.
The effects of nutrition on exercise metabolism and performance remain an important topic among sports scientists, clinical, and athletic populations. Recently, fasted exercise has garnered interest as a beneficial stimulus which induces superior metabolic adaptations to fed exercise in key peripheral tissues. Conversely, pre-exercise feeding augments exercise performance compared with fasting conditions. Given these seemingly divergent effects on performance and metabolism, an appraisal of the literature is warranted. This review determined the effects of fasting vs pre-exercise feeding on continuous aerobic and anaerobic or intermittent exercise performance, and post-exercise metabolic adaptations. A search was performed using the MEDLINE and PubMed search engines. The literature search identified 46 studies meeting the relevant inclusion criteria. The Delphi list was used to assess study quality. A meta-analysis and meta-regression were performed where appropriate. Findings indicated that pre-exercise feeding enhanced prolonged (P = .012), but not shorter duration aerobic exercise performance (P = .687). Fasted exercise increased post-exercise circulating FFAs (P = .023) compared to fed exercise. It is evidenced that pre-exercise feeding blunted signaling in skeletal muscle and adipose tissue implicated in regulating components of metabolism, including mitochondrial adaptation and substrate utilization. This review's findings support the hypothesis that the fasted and fed conditions can divergently influence exercise metabolism and performance. Pre-exercise feeding bolsters prolonged aerobic performance, while seminal evidence highlights potential beneficial metabolic adaptations that fasted exercise may induce in peripheral tissues. However, further research is required to fully elucidate the acute and chronic physiological adaptations to fasted vs fed exercise.
营养对运动代谢和表现的影响仍然是运动科学家、临床医生和运动员群体关注的重要话题。最近，禁食运动作为一种有益的刺激因素引起了人们的兴趣，它能诱导关键外周组织对进食运动产生更好的代谢适应。相反，与禁食相比，运动前进食能提高运动表现。鉴于这些对表现和代谢的影响似乎存在分歧，有必要对文献进行评估。本综述确定了禁食与运动前进食对连续有氧运动和无氧运动或间歇性运动表现以及运动后代谢适应的影响。使用 MEDLINE 和 PubMed 搜索引擎进行了搜索。文献检索确定了 46 项符合相关纳入标准的研究。使用 Delphi 清单评估研究质量。在适当的情况下进行了荟萃分析和荟萃回归。结果表明，运动前进食增强了长时间（P =.012），但不能增强较短时间的有氧运动表现（P =.687）。与进食运动相比，禁食运动增加了运动后循环游离脂肪酸（FFA）（P =.023）。有证据表明，运动前进食抑制了骨骼肌和脂肪组织中参与调节代谢成分的信号，包括线粒体适应和底物利用。本综述的结果支持这样的假设，即禁食和进食状态可以不同地影响运动代谢和表现。运动前进食增强了长时间有氧运动表现，而重要证据则强调了禁食运动可能在外周组织中诱导的潜在有益代谢适应。然而，需要进一步的研究来充分阐明禁食和进食运动的急性和慢性生理适应。
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