State Key Laboratory of Wheat and Maize Crop Science and College of Agronomy, Henan Agricultural University, Zhengzhou 450002, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Institute of Plant Protection, Jiangsu Academy of Agricultural Sciences, Jiangsu Key Laboratory for Food Quality and Safety-State Key Laboratory Cultivation Base of Ministry of Science and Technology, Nanjing 210014, China; Department of Biological Sciences, University of South Carolina, Columbia, SC 29208, USA.
Mol Plant. 2018 Dec 3;11(12):1427-1439. doi: 10.1016/j.molp.2018.10.002. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
Salicylic acid (SA) or 2-hydroxybenoic acid is a phenolic plant hormone that plays an essential role in plant defense against biotrophic and semi-biotrophic pathogens. In Arabidopsis, SA is synthesized from chorismate in the chloroplast through the ICS1 (isochorismate synthase I) pathway during pathogen infection. The transcription co-activator NPR1 (Non-Expresser of Pathogenesis-Related Gene 1), as the master regulator of SA signaling, interacts with transcription factors to induce the expression of anti-microbial PR (Pathogenesis-Related) genes. To establish successful infections, plant bacterial, oomycete, fungal, and viral pathogens have evolved at least three major strategies to disrupt SA-mediated defense. The first strategy is to reduce SA accumulation directly by converting SA into its inactive derivatives. The second strategy is to interrupt SA biosynthesis by targeting the ICS1 pathway. In the third major strategy, plant pathogens deploy different mechanisms to interfere with SA downstream signaling. The wide array of strategies deployed by plant pathogens highlights the crucial role of disruption of SA-mediated plant defense in plant pathogenesis. A deeper understanding of this topic will greatly expand our knowledge of how plant pathogens cause diseases and consequently pave the way for the development of more effective ways to control these diseases.
水杨酸（SA）或 2-羟基苯甲酸是一种植物酚类激素，在植物抵御生物亲和和半生物亲和病原体的防御中起着至关重要的作用。在拟南芥中，SA 是在病原体感染期间通过 ICS1（异分支酸合酶 I）途径从质体中的分支酸合成的。转录共激活因子 NPR1（发病相关基因 1 的非表达物）作为 SA 信号的主要调节剂，与转录因子相互作用诱导抗微生物 PR（发病相关）基因的表达。为了建立成功的感染，植物细菌、卵菌、真菌和病毒病原体至少进化出了三种主要策略来破坏 SA 介导的防御。第一种策略是通过将 SA 转化为其非活性衍生物直接减少 SA 的积累。第二种策略是通过靶向 ICS1 途径中断 SA 生物合成。在第三种主要策略中，植物病原体利用不同的机制来干扰 SA 下游信号转导。植物病原体所采用的广泛策略突出表明，破坏 SA 介导的植物防御在植物发病机制中起着至关重要的作用。对这一主题的更深入了解将极大地扩展我们对植物病原体如何引起疾病的认识，并为开发更有效的控制这些疾病的方法铺平道路。
