Department of Speech, Music and Hearing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden.
Department of Speech, Music and Hearing, School of Electrical Engineering and Computer Science, KTH Royal Institute of Technology, Stockholm, Sweden; Audio Lab, Department of Electronic Engineering, University of York, Heslington, United Kingdom.
J Voice. 2020 May;34(3):485.e1-485.e21. doi: 10.1016/j.jvoice.2018.09.006. Epub 2018 Oct 16.
To determine if in singing there is an effect of lung volume on the electroglottographic waveform, and if so, how it varies over the voice range.
Eight trained female singers sang the tune "Frère Jacques" in 18 conditions: three phonetic contexts, three dynamic levels, and high or low lung volume. Conditions were randomized and replicated.
The audio and EGG signals were recorded in synchrony with signals tracking respiration and vertical larynx position. The first 10 Fourier descriptors of every EGG cycle were computed. These spectral data were clustered statistically, and the clusters were mapped by color into a voice range profile display, thus visualizing the EGG waveform changes under the influence of f and SPL. The rank correlations and effect sizes of the relationships between relative lung volume and several adduction-related EGG wave shape metrics were similarly rendered on a color scale, in voice range profile-style 'voice maps.'
In most subjects, EGG waveforms varied considerably over the voice range. Within subjects, reproducibility was high, not only across the replications, but also across the phonetic contexts. The EGG waveforms were quite individual, as was the nature of the EGG shape variation across the range. EGG metrics were significantly correlated to changes in lung volume, in parts of the range of the song, and in most subjects. However, the effect sizes of the relative lung volume were generally much smaller than the effects of f and SPL, and the relationships always varied, even changing polarity from one part of the range to another.
Most subjects exhibited small, reproducible effects of the relative lung volume on the EGG waveform. Some hypothesized influences of tracheal pull were seen, mostly at the lowest SPLs. The effects were however highly variable, both across the moderately wide f-SPL range and across subjects. Different singers may be applying different techniques and compensatory behaviors with changing lung volume. The outcomes emphasize the importance of making observations over a substantial part of the voice range, and not only of phonations sustained at a few fundamental frequencies and sound levels.
确定在歌唱中，肺容量是否会对声门图电信号（Electroglottographic，简称 EGG）的波形产生影响，如果有影响，其影响在整个音域范围内是如何变化的。
8 位受过专业训练的女性歌手演唱了《雅克兄弟》（Frère Jacques）这首歌，共 18 种条件：3 种语音环境、3 种动态水平和高、低肺容量。条件是随机和重复的。
音频和 EGG 信号与呼吸和垂直喉位的信号同步记录。计算每个 EGG 周期的前 10 个傅里叶描述符。这些频谱数据进行了统计学聚类，并通过颜色映射到声域分布图显示，从而直观地显示了 f 和 SPL 影响下 EGG 波形的变化。相对肺容量与几个声带内收相关的 EGG 波形状度量之间的关系的秩相关和效应大小也以颜色尺度在声域分布图风格的“声图”上呈现。
在大多数受试者中，EGG 波形在整个音域范围内变化很大。在受试者内，不仅在重复之间，而且在语音环境之间，可重复性都很高。EGG 波形非常个体化，整个音域范围内 EGG 形状的变化也具有个体差异。EGG 指标与肺容量变化显著相关，在歌曲的部分范围内，以及在大多数受试者中都相关。然而，相对肺容量的效应大小通常远小于 f 和 SPL 的影响，并且关系总是变化的，甚至在音域的不同部分之间会改变极性。
大多数受试者的 EGG 波形都表现出相对肺容量的小而可重复的影响。观察到了一些气管牵拉的假设影响，主要在最低 SPL 时出现。然而，这些影响是高度可变的，不仅在相当宽的 f-SPL 范围内，而且在不同的受试者之间。不同的歌手在改变肺容量时可能会采用不同的技术和补偿行为。研究结果强调了在整个声域范围内进行观察的重要性，而不仅仅是在几个基频和声级上持续发音。
