Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, I-20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Medical Biotechnologies and Translational Medicine, Università degli Studi di Milano, Via fratelli Cervi, I-20090 Segrate, Italy.
Humanitas Clinical and Research Center, Via Manzoni 113, I-20089 Rozzano, Italy; Department of Biomedical Sciences, Humanitas University, via Rita Levi Montalcini 4, I-20089 Pieve Emanuele, Italy.
Semin Immunol. 2018 Aug;38:63-71. doi: 10.1016/j.smim.2018.10.005. Epub 2018 Oct 15.
As main drivers of leukocyte recruitment during inflammatory reactions, chemokines act as mediatrs of alarmins in priming host defense responses after tissue exposure to toxic or infectious agents, immunomediated damage, and in inflammation-driven tumors. Chemokines can therefore be considered alarm signals generated by tissues in a broad number of conditions, and mechanisms controlling chemokines biological activities are therefore key to regulate tissue reactions induced by alarmins. By transporting, presenting or scavenging different sets of chemokines, atypical chemokine receptors represent an emerign subfamily of chemokine receptors which operates in tissues as chemokine gatekeepers in order to establish and shape their gradients and coordinate leukocyte recruitment.
作为炎症反应中白细胞募集的主要驱动因素，趋化因子在组织暴露于毒性或传染性物质、免疫介导的损伤以及炎症驱动的肿瘤后，作为警报素启动宿主防御反应中充当介质。因此，趋化因子可以被认为是在广泛的条件下由组织产生的警报信号，控制趋化因子生物学活性的机制是调节由警报素引起的组织反应的关键。通过运输、呈现或清除不同的趋化因子集，非典型趋化因子受体代表了趋化因子受体的一个新兴亚家族，它们在组织中作为趋化因子的守门员，以建立和塑造它们的梯度并协调白细胞募集。
