Fukuhara Kazunobu, Maruyama Tomoko, Ida Hirofumi, Ogata Takahiro, Sato Bumpei, Ishii Motonobu, Higuchi Takahiro
Department of Health Promotion Science, Graduate School of Human Health Science, Tokyo Metropolitan University, Hachioji, Japan.
Department of Sports and Health Management, Jobu University, Isesaki, Japan.
Front Psychol. 2018 Oct 4;9:1830. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01830. eCollection 2018.
Slow-motion footage of sports actions is widely used as a visual learning tool in observing the dynamic motor behaviors of athletes. Recent studies on action observation have reported that extending the observation time in slow-motion footage provides benefits of understanding the intention of an opponent's action, at least when observing rapid movements. As such, the use of slow-motion footage may have the potential to improve the anticipatory judgments of an opponent's action outcome without training (or feedback). To verify this possibility, we examined the effects of the replay speed of slow-motion footage on the anticipatory judgments of shot directions and recognition of kinematic positions of opponents' forehand strokes in tennis. Nine skilled and nine novice tennis players were asked to anticipate the direction of their opponent's shots (left or right) and then attempted to recognize proximal (trunk center) and distal (ball) kinematic positions. Computer graphic animations of forehand strokes were used as visual stimuli, which were presented at four different replay speeds (normal, three-quarter, half, and quarter speeds). We failed to show the immediate effect of the use of slow-motion footage on the anticipatory performance of the skilled and novice players, although the anticipatory performance of the skilled players was superior to that of the novice players. Instead, we found an effect of the use of slow-motion footage in terms of promoting recognition of important kinematic cues (trunk center) for effective anticipation by skilled players. Moreover, no significant correlations were observed between the anticipatory judgments and motion recognition in all experimental conditions. These results suggest that even if the use of slow-motion footage enhances the recognition of key kinematic cues, it may not immediately improve anticipatory judgments in tennis.
体育动作的慢动作视频被广泛用作观察运动员动态运动行为的视觉学习工具。最近关于动作观察的研究报告称，延长慢动作视频的观察时间有助于理解对手动作的意图，至少在观察快速动作时如此。因此，使用慢动作视频可能有潜力在无需训练（或反馈）的情况下提高对对手动作结果的预判能力。为了验证这种可能性，我们研究了慢动作视频的回放速度对网球击球方向预判以及对手正手击球运动位置识别的影响。九名熟练网球运动员和九名新手网球运动员被要求预判对手击球的方向（左或右），然后尝试识别近端（躯干中心）和远端（球）的运动位置。正手击球的计算机图形动画被用作视觉刺激，以四种不同的回放速度（正常、四分之三、二分之一和四分之一速度）呈现。尽管熟练运动员的预判表现优于新手运动员，但我们未能证明使用慢动作视频对熟练和新手运动员的预判表现有直接影响。相反，我们发现使用慢动作视频对促进熟练运动员有效预判重要运动线索（躯干中心）的识别有影响。此外，在所有实验条件下，预判和运动识别之间均未观察到显著相关性。这些结果表明，即使使用慢动作视频能增强对关键运动线索的识别，但它可能不会立即改善网球中的预判。
