a Faculty of Sport Sciences , Waseda University , Saitama , Japan.
Eur J Sport Sci. 2014;14(5):426-32. doi: 10.1080/17461391.2013.866166. Epub 2013 Dec 10.
In ball games, players have to pay close attention to visual information in order to predict the movements of both the opponents and the ball. Previous studies have indicated that players primarily utilise cues concerning the ball and opponents' body motion. The information acquired must be effective for observing players to select the subsequent action. The present study evaluated the effects of changes in the video replay speed on the spatial visual search strategy and ability to predict free throw success. We compared eye movements made while observing a basketball free throw by novices and experienced basketball players. Correct response rates were close to chance (50%) at all video speeds for the novices. The correct response rate of experienced players was significantly above chance (and significantly above that of the novices) at the normal speed, but was not different from chance at both slow and fast speeds. Experienced players gazed more on the lower part of the player's body when viewing a normal speed video than the novices. The players likely detected critical visual information to predict shot success by properly moving their gaze according to the shooter's movements. This pattern did not change when the video speed was decreased, but changed when it was increased. These findings suggest that temporal information is important for predicting action outcomes and that such outcomes are sensitive to video speed.
在球类运动中，运动员必须密切关注视觉信息，以便预测对手和球的动作。先前的研究表明，运动员主要利用与球和对手身体动作有关的线索。获得的信息必须有效，以便观察运动员选择后续动作。本研究评估了视频重放速度变化对空间视觉搜索策略和预测罚球成功能力的影响。我们比较了新手和有经验的篮球运动员在观察篮球罚球时的眼球运动。在所有视频速度下，新手的正确反应率接近随机（50%）。在正常速度下，经验丰富的球员的正确反应率明显高于随机（也明显高于新手），但在慢和快速度下与随机相同。在观看正常速度的视频时，经验丰富的球员比新手更多地注视球员身体的下部。球员可能通过根据射手的动作适当移动视线来检测到关键的视觉信息，以预测投篮成功。当视频速度降低时，这种模式不会改变，但当视频速度增加时，模式会改变。这些发现表明，时间信息对于预测动作结果很重要，并且这些结果对视频速度敏感。
