Hasegawa Haruka, Suzuki Erika, Maeda Sumio
Graduate School of Humanities and Sciences, Nara Women's University, Nara, Japan.
Front Microbiol. 2018 Oct 4;9:2365. doi: 10.3389/fmicb.2018.02365. eCollection 2018.
Transformation is one mode of horizontal gene transfer (HGT) in bacteria, wherein extracellular naked DNA is taken up by cells that have developed genetic competence. Sensitivity to DNase, which degrades naked DNA, is the key to distinguishing transformation from the DNase-resistant HGT mechanisms. In general, is not believed to be naturally transformable; it develops high competence only under artificial conditions, including exposure to high Ca concentrations. However, can reportedly express modest competence under certain conditions that are feasible in natural environments outside laboratory. In addition, recent data suggest that environmental factors influence multiple routes of transformation. In this mini review, we (1) summarize our studies on transformation-based HGT using experimental systems and (2) discuss the possible occurrence of transformation via multiple mechanisms in the environment and its possible impact on the spread of antibiotic resistance genes.
转化是细菌中水平基因转移（HGT）的一种模式，在此过程中，具有遗传感受态的细胞摄取细胞外的裸露DNA。对降解裸露DNA的DNA酶敏感是区分转化与抗DNA酶的HGT机制的关键。一般来说，[具体细菌名称1]被认为不能自然转化；它仅在人工条件下，包括暴露于高钙浓度时，才会产生高感受态。然而，据报道，[具体细菌名称2]在实验室外自然环境中可行的某些条件下可表现出适度的感受态。此外，最近的数据表明环境因素会影响多种转化途径。在本综述中，我们（1）总结了我们使用[具体细菌名称1]和[具体细菌名称2]实验系统对基于转化的HGT的研究，（2）并讨论了环境中通过多种机制发生转化的可能性及其对抗生素抗性基因传播的可能影响。
