Impact of emergency physicians competent in severe trauma management, surgical techniques, and interventional radiology on trauma management.

AIM

Despite recent advancements in trauma management following introduction of interventional radiology (IVR) and damage-control strategies, challenges remain regarding optimal use of resources for severe trauma.

METHODS

In October 2014, we implemented a trauma management system comprising emergency physicians competent in severe trauma management, surgical techniques, and IVR. To evaluate this system, of 5,899 trauma patients admitted to our hospital from January 2011 to January 2018, we selected 107 patients with severe trauma (injury severity score ≥ 16) who presented with persistent hypotension (two or more systolic blood pressure measurements <90 mmHg), regardless of primary resuscitation. Patients were divided according to the date of admission: Conventional (January 2011-September 2014) or Current (October 2014-January 2018). The primary end-point was in-hospital mortality. Secondary end-points included time from arrival to start of surgery/IVR.

RESULTS

There were 59 patients in the Conventional group and 48 in the Current group. Although patients in the Current group were more severely ill compared with those in the Conventional group, mortality in the Current group was significantly lower (Conventional 64.4% versus Current 41.7%, = 0.019), especially among patients whose first intervention was IVR (Conventional 75.0% versus Current 28.6%, = 0.001). Time from arrival to initiation of surgery/IVR was shorter in the Current group (Conventional 71.5 [53.8-130.8] min versus Current 41.0 [26.0-58.5] min, < 0.0001).

CONCLUSIONS

This trauma management system based on emergency physicians competent not only in severe trauma management, but also surgical techniques and IVR, could improve outcomes in patients with severe multiple lethal trauma.