Xu Honglv, Sun Ying, Wan Yuhui, Zhang Shichen, Xu Huiqiong, Yang Rong, Wang Wei, Zeng Hanjun, Xu Shaojun, Hao Jiahu, Tao Fangbiao
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, P.R China.
Department of Maternal, Child and Adolescent Health, School of Public Health, Anhui Medical University, Hefei, Anhui, P.R China; Anhui Provincial Key Laboratory of Population Health & Aristogenics, Hefei, Anhui, P.R China.
J Affect Disord. 2019 Feb 1;244:155-163. doi: 10.1016/j.jad.2018.10.090. Epub 2018 Oct 6.
Previous studies showed inconsistent results of the relationship between eating patterns and mental health in adolescents, and little is known in Chinese adolescents.
A multi-center population-based survey was conducted in 32 schools in 4 provinces across China. A total of 14,500 adolescents at grade 7-12 completed eligible questionnaires. Emotional, conduct and social adaptation problems were assessed using Multi-dimensional Sub-health Questionnaire of Adolescents (MSQA), while eating pattern was collected using the semi-quantitative food frequency questionnaire (SQFFQ).
Four principal components were obtained, including healthy, meat, sugar-sweetened beverages (SSBs) and fast foods patterns. The healthy pattern associated with lower risk of psychological symptoms (adjusted odds ratio (AORs) was 0.59, 0.60, 0.62, 0.53, respectively, all p < 0.01). While the fast foods pattern (AOR was 2.16, 2.04, 1.84, 2.24, respectively, all p < 0.01), the SSBs pattern (AOR was 1.38, 1.34, 1.25, 1.56, respectively, all p < 0.01) and the meats pattern (AOR was 1.24, 1.15, 1.12, 1.28, respectively, all p < 0.05) significantly associated with higher risk of psychological symptoms. Dose-response relationships were observed in all eating patterns with psychological symptoms, except for meats pattern (p-trend < 0.01).
The cross-sectional design limited the ability to infer causality. Meanwhile, it was difficult for estimating the eating quantity accurately by SQFFQ, and can only be assessed by the dietary pattern score.
Our findings highlight the potential importance of eating pattern for mental health during adolescence.
先前的研究表明，青少年的饮食模式与心理健康之间的关系结果并不一致，而关于中国青少年的这方面情况知之甚少。
在中国4个省份的32所学校开展了一项基于人群的多中心调查。共有14500名7至12年级的青少年完成了符合要求的问卷。使用青少年多维亚健康问卷（MSQA）评估情绪、行为和社会适应问题，同时使用半定量食物频率问卷（SQFFQ）收集饮食模式。
获得了四个主要成分，包括健康、肉类、含糖饮料（SSB）和快餐模式。健康模式与较低的心理症状风险相关（调整后的优势比（AOR）分别为0.59、0.60、0.62、0.53，均p<0.01）。而快餐模式（AOR分别为2.16、2.04、1.84、2.24，均p<0.01）、SSB模式（AOR分别为1.38、1.34、1.25、1.56，均p<0.01）和肉类模式（AOR分别为1.24、1.15、1.12、1.28，均p<0.05）与较高的心理症状风险显著相关。除肉类模式外（p趋势<0.01），在所有饮食模式与心理症状之间均观察到剂量反应关系。
横断面设计限制了推断因果关系的能力。同时，通过SQFFQ准确估计进食量较为困难，且只能通过饮食模式得分进行评估。
我们的研究结果突出了饮食模式在青少年心理健康方面的潜在重要性。
