School of Physical Therapy, Husson University, Bangor, ME 04401, United States.
Centura Health, United States.
Neuropsychologia. 2018 Nov;120:59-64. doi: 10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
An essential requirement for the guidance of action in cluttered environments is that people can accurately perceive what actions are afforded by particular surroundings given the person's action capabilities. Research has shown that healthy young individuals turn their shoulders when walking through a doorway when the aperture is less than a certain percentage of their shoulder width and that they are able to detect this critical width with visual inspection. These findings imply that movements are constrained by perception of the environment in body-scaled unit.
The present work examined whether the visual affordance of doorway passability is altered in people with Parkinson disease (PD).
People with PD, healthy age-matched controls, and young adults (16 participants per group) walked through a series of apertures scaled to shoulder width. Participants also had to visually judge a series of apertures to determine if they could walk through the gap with their normal gait pattern. Finally, participants had to estimate their eye height.
Statistical analysis revealed that people with PD initiated shoulder turning to go through the doorway at larger apertures (A) relative to their shoulder (S) width (A/S = 1.61) in comparison to healthy age-matched participants (A/S = 1.41) and young adults (A/S = 1.26). In comparison to healthy participants, People with PD also judged wider apertures as impassable. Individuals with PD were less accurate in their estimation of eye height (Error = 10.1%) than the healthy older (Error = 6.29%) and younger adults (Error = 4.79%).
PD significantly impacted the affordances for aperture negotiation. Such altered perceptual affordances may contribute to gait pattern changes in people with PD when walking through doorways. These findings suggest that some of the motor symptoms in PD might have a perceptual underpinning.
在杂乱环境中指导行动的一个基本要求是，人们能够根据自身的行动能力准确感知特定环境下可进行的动作。研究表明，健康的年轻人在穿过门缝时，如果门道的开口小于其肩部宽度的一定百分比，他们会转动肩膀，并且可以通过视觉检查来检测到这个关键的宽度。这些发现表明，运动受到身体尺度单位中对环境感知的限制。
本研究旨在探讨帕金森病（PD）患者的视觉通道可通行性是否发生改变。
PD 患者、健康年龄匹配的对照组和年轻成年人（每组 16 人）穿过一系列与肩部宽度成比例的门道。参与者还需要通过视觉判断一系列门道，以确定他们是否可以用正常的步态模式穿过缝隙。最后，参与者还需要估计自己的眼睛高度。
统计分析表明，与健康年龄匹配的参与者（A/S=1.41）和年轻成年人（A/S=1.26）相比，PD 患者在穿过门道时，转动肩膀以通过门道的起始角度（A）相对于肩部（S）宽度（A/S=1.61）更大。与健康参与者相比，PD 患者也判断更宽的门道无法通过。PD 患者在估计眼睛高度时的准确性较低（误差=10.1%），而健康老年人（误差=6.29%）和年轻成年人（误差=4.79%）则更为准确。
PD 显著影响了通道协商的可提供性。这种感知能力的改变可能导致 PD 患者在穿过门道时步态模式发生变化。这些发现表明，PD 中的一些运动症状可能有感知基础。
