Department of Kinesiology and Physical Education, Wilfrid Laurier University, Waterloo, ON, Canada.
Gait Posture. 2013 Jan;37(1):93-7. doi: 10.1016/j.gaitpost.2012.06.020. Epub 2012 Jul 19.
Perceptions guide actions and these actions will affect perceptions (Gibson [1]). In return, these new perceptions will affect subsequent actions. The current study aimed to determine if the action differences previously observed in young and older adults are due to differences in perception and whether perceptual judgments guide action. Young (n=10) and older adults (n=9) completed two tasks; (1) judge the passability of various sized apertures during static and dynamic conditions and (2) physically pass through similar aperture sizes. The perceptual tasks required participants to give a yes/no response as to whether they could pass through an aperture (0.9-1.8 times SW (SW)) without rotating their shoulders from a distance of 5m from the aperture. During the passage through the aperture, the participants approached the aperture (1-1.8 times the SW) along a10m path at a self-selected pace and passed through the aperture using a suitable method. Results from the aperture crossing confirmed that older adults produce shoulder rotations at larger relative aperture widths than young adults and are more variable in their shoulder rotations at each aperture width. Perceptual results indicated that older adults had similar static but different dynamic perceptions than the young adults. The observed age-related differences in dynamic perceptions were most likely the result of differences in dynamic balance control.
感知指导行动,而这些行动将影响感知(Gibson [1])。反过来,这些新的感知将影响后续的行动。本研究旨在确定年轻人和老年人之前观察到的行动差异是否是由于感知差异引起的,以及感知判断是否指导行动。年轻组(n=10)和老年组(n=9)完成了两项任务:(1)在静态和动态条件下判断各种大小的孔径的可通过性,以及(2)实际通过类似孔径大小。感知任务要求参与者在距离孔径 5 米处,对是否可以不转动肩膀通过孔径(0.9-1.8 倍肩宽)做出是/否的反应。在通过孔径时,参与者以自己选择的速度沿着 10 米的路径接近孔径(1-1.8 倍肩宽),并使用合适的方法通过孔径。孔径穿越的结果证实,老年人在相对孔径宽度较大时产生肩部旋转,并且在每个孔径宽度处肩部旋转的变化更大。感知结果表明,老年人的静态感知与年轻人相似,但动态感知不同。观察到的与年龄相关的动态感知差异很可能是动态平衡控制差异的结果。