Airway smooth muscle relaxant activity of Cordia dodecandra A. DC. mainly by cAMP increase and calcium channel blockade.

ETHNOPHARMACOLOGICAL RELEVANCE

The fight against chronic respiratory diseases needs the exploration of new active compounds with properties that contribute to diminish the symptoms or resolve the disease alongside current therapy.

MATERIALS AND METHODS

Eight extracts obtained from the bark and leaves of a Mayan medicinal plant used to treat asthma, Cordia dodecandra A. DC., were investigated for their relaxant effect on rat isolated tracheal rings pre-contracted with carbachol [1 µM]. The underlying functional mode of action of the most effective extract was assessed and the chromatographic fingerprints of more active extracts were analyzed.

RESULTS

The dichloromethane bark extract (DECd-b) was the most effective and potent (E= 87.57 ± 1.32 %; EC = 392.7 ± 5.18 µg/mL). DECd-b relaxant effect was maximized in presence of isoproterenol (β-adrenergic agonist, [10 µM]) and theophylline (phosphodiesterase unspecific inhibitor, [10 µM]). DECd-b also showed efficient relaxation of KCl [80 mM]-induced contraction and inhibition of CaCl-induced contraction. Pre-incubation with propranolol (non-selective β-adrenergic antagonist, [10 µM]), SQ22536 (adenylyl cyclase inhibitor; [100 µM]), ODQ (guanylyl cyclase inhibitor; [10 µM]), l-NAME (nitric oxide synthase inhibitor; [10 µM]), indomethacin (a cyclooxygenase unspecific inhibitor; [10 µM]), glibenclamide (ATP-sensitive potassium channel blocker; [10 µM]) and 2-aminopyridine (voltage-gated potassium channel blocker [100 µM]) did not modify the DECd-b relaxant-effect curve. The chromatographic analysis of DECd-b suggests the cordiaquinones presence with double conjugated bounds such as menaquinone.

CONCLUSIONS

Results suggest that DECd-b induces relaxation mainly by cAMP increase and Ca channel blockade. The chromatographic profiles and UV spectrum of DECd-b and HECd-l suggest the presence of molecules with structure of meroterpenoid naphthoquinones. This work report scientific evidence of C. dodecandra medicinal specie, which contributes to the pharmacological and phytochemical background of C. dodecandra providing an added value to the traditional use of this specie.