School of Control Science and Engineering, Shandong University, Jinan 250061, China.
School of Mechanical and Automotive Engineering, Qilu University of Technology, Jinan 250353, China.
Biosens Bioelectron. 2019 Jan 15;124-125:40-52. doi: 10.1016/j.bios.2018.09.086. Epub 2018 Sep 27.
Wearable enzymatic biofuel cells would be the most prospective fuel cells for wearable devices because of their low cost, compactness and flexibility. As the high specificity and catalytic properties of enzymes, enzymatic biofuel cells (EBFCs) catalyze the fuel associated with the redox reaction and get electrical energy. Available biofuels such as glucose, lactate and pyruvate can be harvested from biofluids of sweat, tears and blood, which afford cells a favorable use in implantable and wearable devices. However, the development of wearable enzymatic biofuel cells requires significant improvements on the power density and enzymes lifetime. In this paper, some new advances in improving the performance of wearable enzymatic biofuel cells are reviewed based on the bioanode and biocathode by classifying single-enzyme and multi-enzyme catalysis system. Thereinto, the bioanode usually contains oxidases and dehydrogenases as catalyst, and the biocathode utilizes the catalysis of multi-copper oxidases (MCOs) in the single system. For further enhancing the power density, efforts to develop multi-enzyme catalysis strategies are discussed in bioanode and biocathode respectively. Moreover, some potential technologies in recent years, such as carbon nanodots, CNT sponges and mixed operational/storage electrode are summarized owing to notable efficiency and the capability of enhancing electron transfer on the electrode. Finally, major challenges and future prospects are discussed for the high power output, stable and practical wearable enzymatic biofuel cells.
可穿戴式酶生物燃料电池因其低成本、结构紧凑和可弯曲等优点而成为最有前途的可穿戴设备用燃料电池。由于酶具有高特异性和催化性能，酶生物燃料电池 (EBFCs) 可以催化与氧化还原反应相关的燃料，并获取电能。葡萄糖、乳酸和丙酮酸等可用生物燃料可以从汗液、眼泪和血液等生物流体中提取，这为可植入和可穿戴设备中的细胞提供了有利的应用。然而，可穿戴式酶生物燃料电池的发展需要在功率密度和酶寿命方面取得重大进展。本文通过分类单酶和多酶催化系统，综述了基于生物阳极和生物阴极来提高可穿戴式酶生物燃料电池性能的一些新进展。其中，生物阳极通常包含氧化酶和脱氢酶作为催化剂，而生物阴极在单系统中利用多铜氧化酶 (MCOs) 的催化作用。为了进一步提高功率密度，分别在生物阳极和生物阴极中讨论了开发多酶催化策略的努力。此外，还总结了近年来一些有潜力的技术，如碳点、CNT 海绵和混合操作/存储电极，因为它们在电极上具有显著的效率和增强电子转移的能力。最后，讨论了实现高功率输出、稳定和实用的可穿戴式酶生物燃料电池的主要挑战和未来展望。
