Montreal Neurological Institute, McGill University, 3801 University Street, Montréal, QC H3A 2B4, Canada.
Crabtree Nutrition Laboratories, Department of Medicine, McGill University Health Centre Research Institute, McGill University, 1001 Decarie Boulevard, Montréal, QC H4A 3J1, Canada.
Cell Metab. 2019 Jan 8;29(1):39-49.e4. doi: 10.1016/j.cmet.2018.09.024. Epub 2018 Oct 18.
Insufficient responses to hypocaloric diets have been attributed to hormonal adaptations that override self-control of food intake. We tested this hypothesis by measuring circulating energy-balance hormones and brain functional magnetic resonance imaging reactivity to food cues in 24 overweight/obese participants before, and 1 and 3 months after starting a calorie restriction diet. Increased activity and functional connectivity in prefrontal regions at month 1 correlated with weight loss at months 1 and 3. Weight loss was also correlated with increased plasma ghrelin and decreased leptin, and these changes were associated with food cue reactivity in reward-related brain regions. However, the reduction in leptin did not counteract weight loss; indeed, it was correlated with further weight loss at month 3. Activation in prefrontal regions associated with self-control could contribute to successful weight loss and maintenance. This work supports the role of higher-level cognitive brain function in body-weight regulation in humans.
热量限制饮食的反应不足归因于激素适应，这种适应会影响对食物摄入的自我控制。我们通过测量 24 名超重/肥胖参与者在开始热量限制饮食前、1 个月和 3 个月后的循环能量平衡激素和大脑功能性磁共振成像对食物线索的反应来检验这一假设。第 1 个月前额区域的活动和功能连接性增加与 1 个月和 3 个月时的体重减轻相关。体重减轻还与血浆胃饥饿素增加和瘦素减少相关，这些变化与与奖励相关的大脑区域的食物线索反应相关。然而，瘦素的减少并没有抵消体重减轻；事实上，它与 3 个月时的进一步体重减轻相关。与自我控制相关的前额区域的激活可能有助于成功减肥和维持。这项工作支持了更高层次的认知大脑功能在人类体重调节中的作用。
