Department of Food Engineering, Faculty of Food Science, Szent István University, Ménesi st 44, H-1118 Budapest, Hungary.
Soós Ernő Water Technology Research Centre, Faculty of Engineering, University of Pannonia, Zrínyi M. u. 18, H-8800 Nagykanizsa, Hungary.
Medicina (Kaunas). 2018 Apr 17;54(2):18. doi: 10.3390/medicina54020018.
Lactose-derived prebiotics provide wide ranges of gastrointestinal comforts. In this review article, the probable biochemical mechanisms through which lactose-derived prebiotics offer positive gastrointestinal health are reported along with the up-to-date results of clinical investigations; this might be the first review article of its kind, to the best of our knowledge. Lactose-derived prebiotics have unique biological and functional values, and they are confirmed as 'safe' by the Food and Drug Administration federal agency. Medical practitioners frequently recommend them as therapeutics as a pure form or combined with dairy-based products (yoghurt, milk and infant formulas) or fruit juices. The biological activities of lactose-derived prebiotics are expressed in the presence of gut microflora, mainly probiotics ( spp. in the small intestine and spp. in the large intestine). Clinical investigations reveal that galacto-oligosaccharide reduces the risks of several types of diarrhea (traveler's diarrhea, osmotic diarrhea and Clostridium difficile associated relapsing diarrhea). Lactulose and lactosucrose prevent inflammatory bowel diseases (Crohn's disease and ulcerative colitis). Lactulose and lactitol reduce the risk of hepatic encephalopathy. Furthermore, lactulose, galacto-oligosaccharide and lactitol prevent constipation in individuals of all ages. It is expected that the present review article will receive great attention from medical practitioners and food technologists.
乳糖衍生的益生元提供广泛的胃肠道舒适。在这篇综述文章中，报告了乳糖衍生的益生元提供积极的胃肠道健康的可能生化机制，以及最新的临床研究结果；据我们所知，这可能是此类综述文章中的第一篇。乳糖衍生的益生元具有独特的生物学和功能价值，它们已被食品和药物管理局联邦机构确认为“安全”。医疗从业者经常将它们作为纯形式或与乳制品（酸奶、牛奶和婴儿配方奶粉）或果汁结合推荐作为治疗方法。乳糖衍生的益生元的生物活性在肠道微生物群的存在下表达，主要是益生菌（在小肠中 和 在大肠中）。临床研究表明，半乳糖低聚糖降低了几种类型腹泻（旅行者腹泻、渗透性腹泻和艰难梭菌相关复发性腹泻）的风险。乳果糖和乳蔗糖可预防炎症性肠病（克罗恩病和溃疡性结肠炎）。乳果糖和山梨醇可降低肝性脑病的风险。此外，乳果糖、半乳糖低聚糖和山梨醇可预防各年龄段人群的便秘。预计本综述文章将受到医疗从业者和食品技术人员的高度关注。
