Materials Science Institute, PCFM Lab and GDHPRC Lab, School of Chemistry, Sun Yat-sen University, Guangzhou, 510275, P. R. China.
State Key Laboratory of Solidification Processing, Center for Nano Energy Materials, School of Materials Science and Engineering, Northwestern Polytechnical University and Shaanxi Joint Laboratory of Graphene (NPU), Xi'an, 710072, P. R. China.
Adv Mater. 2019 Jan;31(4):e1802922. doi: 10.1002/adma.201802922. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Exploring advanced porous materials is of critical importance in the development of science and technology. Porous polymers, being famous for their all-organic components, tailored pore structures, and adjustable chemical components, have attracted an increasing level of research interest in a large number of applications, including gas adsorption/storage, separation, catalysis, environmental remediation, energy, optoelectronics, and health. Recent years have witnessed tremendous research breakthroughs in these fields thanks to the unique pore structures and versatile skeletons of porous polymers. Here, recent milestones in the diverse applications of porous polymers are presented, with an emphasis on the structural requirements or parameters that dominate their properties and functionalities. The Review covers the following applications: i) gas adsorption, ii) water treatment, iii) separation, iv) heterogeneous catalysis, v) electrochemical energy storage, vi) precursors for porous carbons, and vii) other applications (e.g., intelligent temperature control textiles, sensing, proton conduction, biomedicine, optoelectronics, and actuators). The key requirements for each application are discussed and an in-depth understanding of the structure-property relationships of these advanced materials is provided. Finally, a perspective on the future research directions and challenges in this field is presented for further studies.
探索先进的多孔材料在科学技术的发展中至关重要。多孔聚合物因其全有机组成、可定制的孔结构和可调谐的化学组成而备受关注，在气体吸附/存储、分离、催化、环境修复、能源、光电和健康等众多应用领域引起了越来越多的研究兴趣。近年来，由于多孔聚合物独特的孔结构和多样的骨架，这些领域取得了巨大的研究突破。本文介绍了多孔聚合物在各种应用中的最新里程碑，重点介绍了主导其性能和功能的结构要求或参数。综述涵盖了以下应用领域：i）气体吸附，ii）水处理，iii）分离，iv）多相催化，v）电化学储能，vi）多孔碳前体，和 vii）其他应用（例如，智能控温纺织品、传感、质子传导、生物医药、光电和驱动器）。讨论了每个应用的关键要求，并深入了解了这些先进材料的结构-性能关系。最后，对该领域未来的研究方向和挑战提出了展望，以供进一步研究。
