1 Nutrition and Mental Health Research Group (NUTRISAM)., Rovira i Virgili University (URV)., Tarragona, Spain.
2 Research Centre for Behavioral Assessment (CRAMC), Department of Psychology, URV., Tarragona, Spain.
Autism. 2019 Jul;23(5):1079-1095. doi: 10.1177/1362361318794179. Epub 2018 Oct 21.
Children with autism spectrum disorders show higher food selectivity, which restricts consumption of some foods and may cause nutritional deficiencies. The aims of this meta-analysis are to determine the overall differences in nutritional intake and food consumption between children with autism spectrum disorder and control (typical development) children, as well as determine the extent to which the nutritional intake and food consumption of autistic children comply with the dietary recommendations. Children with autism spectrum disorder consume less protein (standardized mean difference = -0.27, 95% confidence interval (-0.45, -0.08)), calcium (-0.56 (-0.95, -0.16)), phosphorus (-0.23 (-0.41, -0.04)), selenium (-0.29 (-0.44, -0.13)), vitamin D (-0.34 (-0.57, -0.11)), thiamine (-0.17 (-0.29, -0.05)), riboflavin (-0.25 (-0.45, -0.05)) and vitamin B12 (-0.52 (-0.95, -0.09)) and more polyunsaturated fat acid (0.27 (0.11, 0.44)) and vitamin E (0.28 (0.03, 0.54)) than controls. Autistic children also consume less omega-3 (-0.83 (-1.53, -0.16)) and more fruit (0.35 (0.12, 0.59)) and vegetables (0.35 (0.09, 0.61)) than control children; however, these results must be considered with care due to the low number of studies included in the analysis and the high heterogeneity. The results also suggest a lower intake of calcium, vitamin D and dairy and a higher intake of fruit, vegetables, protein, phosphorus, selenium, thiamine, riboflavin and vitamin B12 than recommended.
患有自闭症谱系障碍的儿童表现出更高的食物选择性，这限制了他们对某些食物的消费，可能导致营养缺乏。本荟萃分析的目的是确定自闭症谱系障碍儿童与对照（典型发育）儿童之间营养摄入和食物消费的总体差异，并确定自闭症儿童的营养摄入和食物消费在多大程度上符合饮食建议。自闭症谱系障碍儿童的蛋白质摄入量较少（标准化均数差=-0.27，95%置信区间[-0.45，-0.08]）、钙（-0.56[-0.95，-0.16]）、磷（-0.23[-0.41，-0.04]）、硒（-0.29[-0.44，-0.13]）、维生素 D（-0.34[-0.57，-0.11]）、硫胺素（-0.17[-0.29，-0.05]）、核黄素（-0.25[-0.45，-0.05]）和维生素 B12（-0.52[-0.95，-0.09]），多不饱和脂肪酸（0.27[0.11，0.44]）和维生素 E（0.28[0.03，0.54]）摄入较多。自闭症儿童也摄入较少的欧米伽 3（-0.83[-1.53，-0.16]），而摄入较多的水果（0.35[0.12，0.59]）和蔬菜（0.35[0.09，0.61]）。然而，由于分析中纳入的研究数量较少且存在高度异质性，必须谨慎考虑这些结果。结果还表明，自闭症儿童钙、维生素 D 和乳制品的摄入量较低，而水果、蔬菜、蛋白质、磷、硒、硫胺素、核黄素和维生素 B12 的摄入量较高，低于推荐量。
