a Department of Healthcare Management , College of Social Science, Gachon University , Seongnam , South Korea.
Psychol Health Med. 2019 Mar;24(3):305-319. doi: 10.1080/13548506.2018.1537496. Epub 2018 Oct 20.
This study examined the areas of life dissatisfaction and their relationships to depression at different life stages in men and women, independently of socio-demographic characteristics in South Korea. Data were taken from the 2016 Korea Welfare Panel Study. Depression was assessed using the 11-items of the Center for Epidemiologic Studies Depression Scale (CES-D) and probable depression was defined as the CES-D-11 score of ≥9. Level of satisfaction was measured in seven different life domains (health, family income, residential environment, family relationship, occupation, social relationship and leisure activities) using a 5-point Likert scale. Dissatisfaction was defined as 'very dissatisfied' and 'dissatisfied'. Respondents were grouped into: young (19-39 years; n = 2,713), middle-aged (40-64; n = 4,864) and older adults (65+; n = 4,669). The mean age of the participants was 56.0 years (SD = 18.6) and 57.1% were female (unweighted). The mean CES-D-11 score was 3.5 (SD = 4.8) and 13.7% (n = 1,675) had probable depression (unweighted). The percentage of domain-specific dissatisfaction was highest in family income (28.7%), followed by health (15.9%), leisure activities (14.9%), occupation (11.6%), residential environment (10.2%), social relationship (3.5%) and family relationship (3.0%) (weighted). These percentages were similar across all age groups, except for health and family income in both sexes. In addition, the association between domain-specific dissatisfaction and probable depression was generally stronger in women than in men across all age groups. Logistic regression results (weighted) showed that dissatisfaction with health and leisure activities were consistently associated with probable depression across almost all age groups in both sexes. In addition, family relationship appeared more important in older women, whereas social relationship appeared more important in older men. Meanwhile, dissatisfaction with family income and occupation did not appear to consistently predict depression above and beyond objective indicators, except for older women. Taken together, these findings would help develop sex- and age-specific policies to tackle depression in South Korea.
本研究在韩国，独立于社会人口统计学特征，分别考察了男性和女性在不同生命阶段的生活不满领域及其与抑郁的关系。数据来自 2016 年韩国福利面板研究。抑郁使用 11 项中心流行病学研究抑郁量表（CES-D）评估，可能的抑郁定义为 CES-D-11 评分≥9 分。满意度在七个不同的生活领域（健康、家庭收入、居住环境、家庭关系、职业、社会关系和休闲活动）使用 5 点 Likert 量表测量。不满被定义为“非常不满”和“不满”。受访者分为：年轻人（19-39 岁；n=2713）、中年人（40-64 岁；n=4864）和老年人（65 岁以上；n=4669）。参与者的平均年龄为 56.0 岁（标准差=18.6），57.1%为女性（未加权）。平均 CES-D-11 得分为 3.5（标准差=4.8），13.7%（n=1675）患有可能的抑郁症（未加权）。特定领域不满的百分比在家庭收入（28.7%）最高，其次是健康（15.9%）、休闲活动（14.9%）、职业（11.6%）、居住环境（10.2%）、社会关系（3.5%）和家庭关系（3.0%）（加权）。这些百分比在所有年龄组中相似，除了两性的健康和家庭收入。此外，在所有年龄组中，特定领域的不满与可能的抑郁症之间的关联在女性中通常强于男性。逻辑回归结果（加权）显示，在两性中，几乎所有年龄组的健康和休闲活动不满都与可能的抑郁症密切相关。此外，家庭关系在老年女性中更为重要，而社会关系在老年男性中更为重要。同时，除了老年女性之外，家庭收入和职业不满似乎并不能始终预测抑郁，而超过客观指标。总的来说，这些发现将有助于制定针对韩国的性别和年龄特定政策，以解决抑郁症问题。
