Lim Hyun Ja, Min Dae Kee, Thorpe Lilian, Lee Chel Hee
Department of Community Health & Epidemiology, College of Medicine, University of Saskatchewan, 107 Wiggins Road, Saskatoon, SK, S7N 5E5, Canada.
Department of Information Statistics, Duksung Women's University, Seoul, Korea.
BMC Geriatr. 2016 Nov 28;16(1):197. doi: 10.1186/s12877-016-0369-0.
Aging raises wide-ranging issues within social, economic, welfare, and health care systems. Life satisfaction (LS) is regarded as an indicator of quality of life which, in turn, is associated with mortality and morbidity in older adults. The objective of this study was to identify the relevant predictors of life satisfaction and to investigate changes in a multidimensional construct of LS over time.
This analysis utilized data from the large-scale, nationally representative Korean Retirement and Income Study (KReIS), a longitudinal survey conducted biennially from 2005 to 2011. Outcome measures were degree of satisfaction with health, economic status, housing, neighbor relationships, and family relationships. GEE models were used to investigate changes in satisfaction within each of the five domains.
Of a total 3531 individuals aged 65 or older, 2083 (59%) were women, and the mean age was 72 (s.d = ±6) years. The majority had a spouse (60.8%) and lived in a rural area (58%). Analysis showed that physical and mental health were consistently and significantly associated with satisfaction in each of the domains after adjusting for potential confounders. Living in a rural area and living with a spouse were related to satisfaction with economic, housing, family relationships, and neighbor relationships compared to living in urban areas and living without a spouse; the only outcome that did not show relationship to these predictors was health satisfaction. Female and rural residents reported greater economic satisfaction compared to male and urban residents. Living in an apartment was associated with 1.32 times greater odds of economic satisfaction compared to living in a detached house (95% CI: 1.14-1.53; p < 0.0001). Economic satisfaction was also 1.62 times more likely among individuals living with a spouse compared to single households (95% CI: 1.35-1.96; p < 0.0001). Financial stress index value was found to be a significant predictor of satisfaction with family relationships.
Our study indicates that a single domain of LS or overall LS will miss many important aspects of LS as age-related LS is multi-faceted and complicated. While most studies focus on overall life satisfaction, considering life satisfaction as multidimensional is essential to gaining a complete picture.
老龄化在社会、经济、福利和医疗保健系统中引发了广泛问题。生活满意度（LS）被视为生活质量的一个指标，而生活质量又与老年人的死亡率和发病率相关。本研究的目的是确定生活满意度的相关预测因素，并调查LS多维结构随时间的变化。
本分析利用了来自具有全国代表性的大规模韩国退休与收入研究（KReIS）的数据，这是一项从2005年至2011年每两年进行一次的纵向调查。结果指标包括对健康、经济状况、住房、邻里关系和家庭关系的满意度。广义估计方程（GEE）模型用于调查五个领域中每个领域满意度的变化。
在总共3531名65岁及以上的个体中，2083名（59%）为女性，平均年龄为72岁（标准差=±6岁）。大多数人有配偶（60.8%），居住在农村地区（58%）。分析表明，在调整潜在混杂因素后，身心健康与每个领域的满意度始终显著相关。与居住在城市地区且无配偶相比，居住在农村地区且有配偶与对经济、住房、家庭关系和邻里关系的满意度相关；唯一与这些预测因素无关联的结果是健康满意度。与男性和城市居民相比，女性和农村居民报告的经济满意度更高。与居住在独立式住宅相比，居住在公寓中的人经济满意度的几率高出1.32倍（95%置信区间：1.14 - 1.53；p < 0.0001）。与单身家庭相比，有配偶的个体经济满意度的可能性也高出1.62倍（95%置信区间：1.35 - 1.96；p < 0.0001）。财务压力指数值被发现是家庭关系满意度的一个重要预测因素。
我们的研究表明，由于与年龄相关的LS是多方面且复杂的，单一领域的LS或总体LS会遗漏LS的许多重要方面。虽然大多数研究关注总体生活满意度，但将生活满意度视为多维的对于全面了解情况至关重要。
