School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
School of Criminal Justice, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA; Institute for Analytics Innovation, University of Cincinnati, Cincinnati, OH, 45221, USA.
Curr Opin Psychol. 2019 Jun;27:82-87. doi: 10.1016/j.copsyc.2018.09.008. Epub 2018 Sep 29.
Contact with the criminal justice (CJ) system is a relatively common occurrence in the United States. Criminologists and sociologists have long considered the impact of contact with the CJ system on later-in-life outcomes. This body of work has revealed a great deal of heterogeneity in life outcomes, suggesting individual differences are important to consider. At the same time, recent advances in the genomic sciences have allowed researchers to gather information from across the entire genome and to summarize that information into polygenic scores. In the present review, we consider how polygenic scores might be used to advance research into the impact of CJ system contact on life outcomes. In particular, we emphasize the importance of gene-environment interaction (G × E). We suggest that contact with the CJ system might represent a substantively important environmental moderator of polygenic risks. But we caution that studying the moderating role of contact with the CJ system will have its own complications-points that scholars must begin to consider and discuss now that the genomic era has reached the social sciences.
与刑事司法（CJ）系统接触在美国是相对常见的现象。犯罪学家和社会学家长期以来一直认为与 CJ 系统接触对以后的生活结果有影响。这方面的工作揭示了生活结果的很大异质性，表明个体差异是需要考虑的。同时，基因组科学的最新进展使得研究人员能够从整个基因组中收集信息，并将这些信息总结为多基因评分。在本综述中，我们考虑了多基因评分如何用于推进对 CJ 系统接触对生活结果影响的研究。特别是，我们强调了基因-环境相互作用（G×E）的重要性。我们认为，与 CJ 系统的接触可能代表了多基因风险的实质性重要环境调节剂。但我们警告说，研究 CJ 系统接触的调节作用将有其自身的复杂性——现在基因组时代已经进入了社会科学，学者们必须开始考虑和讨论这些问题。
