Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland; Barcelona Institute for Global Health (ISGlobal), University Pompeu Fabra (UPF), CIBER Epidemiología y Salud Pública (CIBEREsp), Spain; Blanquerna School of Health Science, Universitat Ramon Llull, Barcelona, Spain.
Swiss Tropical and Public Health Institute, Basel, Switzerland; University of Basel, Basel, Switzerland.
Environ Int. 2018 Dec;121(Pt 1):879-889. doi: 10.1016/j.envint.2018.09.057. Epub 2018 Oct 19.
The contribution of different transportation noise sources to metabolic disorders such as obesity remains understudied. We evaluated the associations of long-term exposure to road, railway and aircraft noise with measures of obesity and its subphenotypes using cross-sectional and longitudinal designs. We assessed 3796 participants from the population-based Swiss Cohort Study on Air Pollution and Lung and Heart Diseases (SAPALDIA), who attended the visits in 2001 (SAP2) and 2010/2011 (SAP3) and who were aged 29-72 at SAP2. At SAP2 we measured body mass index (BMI, kg/m). At SAP3 we measured BMI, waist circumference (centimetres) and Kyle body Fat Index (%) and derived overweight, central and general obesity. Longitudinally for BMI, we derived change in BMI, incidence of overweight and obesity and a 3-category outcome combining the latter two. We assigned source-specific 5-year mean noise levels before visits and during follow-up at the most exposed dwelling façade (Lden, dB), using Swiss noise models for 2001 and 2011 and participants' residential history. Models were adjusted for relevant confounders, including traffic-related air pollution. Exposure to road traffic noise was significantly associated with all adiposity subphenotypes, cross-sectionally (at SAP3) [e.g. beta (95% CI) per 10 dB, BMI: 0.39 (0.18; 0.59); waist circumference: 0.93 (0.37; 1.50)], and with increased risk of obesity, longitudinally (e.g. RR = 1.25, 95% CI: 1.04; 1.51, per 10 dB in 5-year mean). Railway noise was significantly related to increased risk of overweight. In cross-sectional analyses, we further identified a stronger association between road traffic noise and BMI among participants with cardiovascular disease and an association between railway noise and BMI among participants reporting bad sleep. Associations were independent of the other noise sources, air pollution and robust to all adjustment sets. No associations were observed for aircraft noise. Long-term exposure to transportation noise, particularly road traffic noise, may increase the risk of obesity and could constitute a pathway towards cardiometabolic and other diseases.
不同交通噪声源对肥胖等代谢紊乱的贡献仍有待研究。我们使用横断面和纵向设计，评估了长期暴露于道路交通、铁路和航空噪声与肥胖及其亚表型测量值之间的关联。我们评估了来自基于人群的瑞士空气污染与肺部和心脏疾病研究（SAPALDIA）的 3796 名参与者，他们参加了 2001 年（SAP2）和 2010/2011 年（SAP3）的访问，并且在 SAP2 时年龄在 29-72 岁之间。在 SAP2 时，我们测量了体重指数（BMI，kg/m）。在 SAP3 时，我们测量了 BMI、腰围（厘米）和 Kyle 体脂指数（%），并得出超重、中心性肥胖和全身性肥胖。对于 BMI，我们纵向得出了 BMI 的变化、超重和肥胖的发病率以及结合后两者的 3 类结果。我们根据瑞士噪声模型（2001 年和 2011 年）和参与者的居住史，在访问前和随访期间（在最暴露的住宅外墙）为特定源分配了 5 年平均噪声水平（Lden，dB）。模型针对相关混杂因素进行了调整，包括与交通有关的空气污染。道路交通噪声的暴露与所有肥胖亚表型均呈显著关联，包括横断面（在 SAP3 时）[例如，每增加 10dB，BMI 增加 0.39（0.18；0.59）；腰围增加 0.93（0.37；1.50）]，并且与肥胖的纵向风险增加有关（例如，RR=1.25，95%CI：1.04；1.51，每增加 10dB，5 年平均）。铁路噪声与超重的风险增加显著相关。在横断面分析中，我们进一步发现，心血管疾病患者中道路交通噪声与 BMI 之间的关联更强，而睡眠质量差的患者中铁路噪声与 BMI 之间的关联更强。这些关联独立于其他噪声源、空气污染，并且在所有调整组中均稳健。未观察到与飞机噪声的关联。长期暴露于交通噪声，特别是道路交通噪声，可能会增加肥胖的风险，并且可能是导致代谢和其他疾病的途径之一。
