Faculty of Veterinary and Agricultural Sciences, University of Melbourne, Parkville, VIC, 3052, Australia.
Faculty of Animal Sciences and Veterinary Medicine, Tay Nguyen University, Dak Lak, Vietnam.
BMC Infect Dis. 2018 Oct 22;18(1):527. doi: 10.1186/s12879-018-3434-9.
Vietnam is endemic for taeniasis and T. solium cysticercosis. Despite this, information on the epidemiological characteristics of the diseases in the Central Highlands of Vietnam are poorly described. The aims of this study were to determine the epidemiological characteristics of taeniasis (Taenia spp.) and T. solium cysticerci exposure in humans in Dak Lak province in the Central Highlands, Vietnam.
This cross-sectional study was carried out in six villages in three districts of Dak Lak. A total of 190 households were visited. From each household, between one and five individuals were asked to donate a single faecal and blood sample and respond to a questionnaire. Serum samples were subjected to lentil lectin purified glycoprotein enzyme-linked immunoelectrotransfer blot assay to detect antibodies against T. solium cysticerci. Multiplex real-time PCR was used to detect Taenia spp. infection in faecal samples. A fixed-effects logistic regression model was developed to identify factors associated with the probability of Taenia spp. infection or T. solium cysticerci exposure risk. The contribution of each of identified factor was quantified using population attributable fractions.
The prevalence of seroexposure to T. solium in Dak Lak was 5% (95% CI 3% to 8%). Consumption of raw vegetables, sourcing drinking water from lakes, streams or ponds and the practice of outdoor defaecation were identified as primary risk factors for the prevalence of T. solium cysticerci exposure, while consuming undercooked pork and beef, pork tongue and observing Taenia proglottids in stool were associated with Taenia spp. infection. Consumption of raw vegetables attributed to 74% of T. solium cysticerci exposure-positive cases and consumption of undercooked beef attributed to 77% of taeniasis cases in these communities.
The prevalence of T. solium seroexposure in Dak Lak is consistent with those reported in other regions of Vietnam. The identified risk factors associated with the prevalence of T. solium seroexposure and taeniasis infection in Dak Lak are modifiable and thus advocate for targeted community intervention programs to mitigating these risks.
越南流行带绦虫病和猪囊尾蚴病。尽管如此，有关越南中高原地区这些疾病的流行病学特征的信息描述得很差。本研究的目的是确定越南中高原得乐省带绦虫（带绦虫属）和猪囊尾蚴感染的流行病学特征。
本横断面研究在得乐省三个区的六个村庄进行。共访问了 190 户家庭。从每户家庭中，要求一到五个人提供一份粪便和血液样本，并回答一份问卷。血清样本用扁豆凝集素纯化糖蛋白酶联免疫电转移印迹法检测抗猪囊尾蚴抗体。采用多重实时 PCR 检测粪便样本中的带绦虫感染。采用固定效应逻辑回归模型确定与带绦虫感染或猪囊尾蚴暴露风险概率相关的因素。使用人群归因分数量化每个确定因素的贡献。
得乐省的猪囊尾蚴血清暴露流行率为 5%（95%CI 3%至 8%）。食用生蔬菜、从湖泊、溪流或池塘获取饮用水以及户外排便被确定为猪囊尾蚴暴露的主要危险因素，而食用未煮熟的猪肉和牛肉、猪舌和观察粪便中的带绦虫节片与带绦虫感染有关。食用生蔬菜导致 74%的猪囊尾蚴暴露阳性病例，食用未煮熟的牛肉导致 77%的带绦虫病病例。
得乐省猪囊尾蚴血清暴露流行率与越南其他地区报告的流行率一致。与得乐省猪囊尾蚴血清暴露和带绦虫感染流行率相关的确定危险因素是可以改变的，因此主张针对这些风险开展有针对性的社区干预计划。
