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外源酶在促进家禽生长和提高营养物质消化率方面的作用。

The role of exogenous enzymes in promoting growth and improving nutrient digestibility in poultry.

作者信息

Alagawany M, Elnesr Sh S, Farag M R

机构信息

Department of Poultry, Faculty of Agriculture, Zagazig University, Zagazig 44511, Egypt.

Department of Poultry Production, Faculty of Agriculture, Fayoum University, 63514 Fayoum, Egypt.

出版信息

Iran J Vet Res. 2018 Summer;19(3):157-164.

Abstract

The value of dietary exogenous enzymes in promoting growth and efficiency of feed utilization is well recognized in poultry industry. In a case of high-cost yellow corn, several feed producers are choosing to replace yellow corn with other ingredients that have lower nutritional value like triticale, wheat, barley or sorghum. These crops are rich in non-starch polysaccharides (NSPs), and there is an inverse relationship between the content of NSPs in the feed and its nutritional value. Dietary supplementation of enzymes can enhance the nutritional value of crops containing high contents of soluble NSPs. Numerous studies have shown that supplementation of exogenous enzymes in wheat, barley, sorghum or triticale-based rations can improve performance of poultry to a level compared to that obtained by corn-soya-based rations. Naturally, the gastrointestinal tract of poultry produces enzymes to aid the digestion of nutrients. However, the birds do not have enough enzymes to digest fiber completely and need some commercial exogenous enzymes in the diets to improve the digestion. Enzyme is a biological catalyst composed of proteins, amino acids with minerals and vitamins. The advantages of using commercial enzymes in poultry feeds include improved productive performance and feed utilization, minimized environmental pollution due to reduced nutrient of manure. The present review covers the information on enzyme uses and its applications in poultry production. Furthermore, this article demonstrates that the exogenous enzymes are very important factors in the study of metabolic and physiological mechanisms. Such data will improve our understanding regarding the role of commercial enzymes in poultry feeds.

摘要

日粮中外源酶在促进家禽生长和提高饲料利用效率方面的价值在禽类养殖行业中已得到充分认可。在高成本黄玉米的情况下,一些饲料生产商选择用营养价值较低的其他成分(如小黑麦、小麦、大麦或高粱)替代黄玉米。这些作物富含非淀粉多糖(NSPs),饲料中NSPs的含量与其营养价值呈负相关。日粮中添加酶可以提高含有高含量可溶性NSPs作物的营养价值。大量研究表明,在以小麦、大麦、高粱或小黑麦为基础的日粮中添加外源酶,可使家禽的生产性能提高到与以玉米 - 大豆为基础的日粮相当的水平。自然情况下,家禽的胃肠道会产生酶来帮助消化营养物质。然而,家禽没有足够的酶来完全消化纤维,因此需要在日粮中添加一些商业外源酶来改善消化。酶是一种由蛋白质、氨基酸与矿物质和维生素组成的生物催化剂。在家禽饲料中使用商业酶的优点包括提高生产性能和饲料利用率,减少粪便养分排放从而最大限度地减少环境污染。本综述涵盖了酶在家禽生产中的使用信息及其应用。此外,本文表明外源酶是代谢和生理机制研究中的非常重要的因素。这些数据将增进我们对商业酶在家禽饲料中作用的理解。

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