Synaptic integration in excitatory and inhibitory crayfish motoneurons.

The passive integrative properties of two crayfish abdominal motoneurons, the fast flexor inhibitor (FI) and a posterior, ipsilateral fast flexor excitor (FE), were studied electrophysiologically and through simulations with multicompartment models of their electrotonic structures. Responses of the models to simulated giant neuron input were quite similar to the motoneurons' responses to giant neuron stimulation, which suggests that differences in the electrotonic structures and the sites of synaptic input to the two cells can account in large part for differences in their responses to a common input. A full action potential created in the initial axon compartment of the FI model produced attenuated potentials in the adjacent integrating segment compartment and contralateral soma compartment. These potentials are similar in amplitude and time course to attenuated antidromic action potentials recorded in the corresponding regions of the FI neuron. A location of the spike initiation zone of the FI at the initial axon segment is consistent with this result. The responses of FI to ipsi- and contralateral inputs are different. Shock of a single abdominal second root produced a larger, faster rising excitatory postsynaptic potential in the ipsilateral FI soma than in the contralateral soma. Second root shock also caused the contralateral FI to produce an action potential either alone or before the ipsilateral FI neuron. Responses of the FI model to ipsilateral and contralateral inputs differ in the same way as the cell's responses. Inputs to the FI model that are ipsilateral to the soma compartment produce larger responses there than do contralateral inputs. Conversely, those contralateral inputs produce larger responses in the initial axon compartment than do ipsilateral inputs. This difference results from the long integrating segment that connects the soma compartment to the initial axon compartment. These results can account for the FI responses to lateralized inputs. Unlike the responses of FIs, the soma responses of contralaterally homologous FEs to ipsilateral and contralateral second root shocks were similar in waveform and amplitude, with the ipsilateral root producing the larger response. This result is consistent with theoretical results from the FE model simulations. We conclude that a smaller size, larger input resistance and shorter membrane time constant allow the FE to respond to giant neuron input before the FI, and so help to achieve the proper timing of flexor contraction and relaxation during a tailflip.(ABSTRACT TRUNCATED AT 400 WORDS)