Department of Surgery, Aberdeen Royal Infirmary, Aberdeen, UK.
Departments of Emergency and Retrieval Medicine, Ninewells Hospital, Dundee, UK.
Emerg Med J. 2018 Dec;35(12):720-725. doi: 10.1136/emermed-2018-207553. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
Helicopter emergency medical services (HEMS) are a useful means of reducing inequity of access to specialist emergency care. The aim of this study was to evaluate the variations in HEMS provision across Europe, in order to inform the further development of emergency care systems.
This is a survey of primary HEMS in the 32 countries of the European Economic Area and Switzerland. Information was gathered through internet searches (May to September 2016), and by emailing service providers, requesting verification and completion of data (September 2016 to July 2017). HEMS provision was calculated as helicopters per million population and per 1000 km land area, by day and by night, and per US$10 billion of gross domestic product (GDP), for each country.
In 2016, the smallest and least prosperous countries had no dedicated HEMS provision. Luxembourg had the highest number of helicopters by area and population, day and night. Alpine countries had high daytime HEMS coverage and Scandinavia had good night-time coverage. Most helicopters carried a doctor. Funding of services varied from public to charitable and private. Most services performed both primary (from the scene) and secondary (interfacility) missions.
Within Europe, there is a large variation in the number of helicopters available for emergency care, regardless of whether assessed with reference to population, land area or GDP. Funding of services varied, and did not seem to be clearly related to the availability of HEMS.
直升机紧急医疗服务（HEMS）是一种减少获得专科紧急护理机会不平等的有效手段。本研究的目的是评估欧洲各地 HEMS 服务的差异，以便为进一步发展紧急护理系统提供信息。
这是对欧洲经济区和瑞士的 32 个国家的主要 HEMS 的调查。通过互联网搜索（2016 年 5 月至 9 月）和向服务提供商发送电子邮件（2016 年 9 月至 2017 年 7 月）来收集信息，请求验证和完成数据。按天和夜间、每百万人口和每 1000 平方公里陆地面积以及每 100 亿美元国内生产总值（GDP）计算直升机的 HEMS 提供情况，每个国家的直升机数量都有所不同。
2016 年，最小和最不繁荣的国家没有专门的 HEMS 服务。卢森堡按面积和人口、白天和夜间计算，直升机数量最多。阿尔卑斯山国家白天 HEMS 覆盖率高，斯堪的纳维亚地区夜间覆盖率高。大多数直升机配备了医生。服务的资金来源从公共到慈善和私人不等。大多数服务都执行了初级（现场）和二级（医院间）任务。
在欧洲内部，无论以人口、陆地面积还是 GDP 为参考，可用于紧急护理的直升机数量存在很大差异。服务的资金来源不同，似乎与 HEMS 的可用性没有明确关系。
