Osman E M, Abboud O I, Danielson B G
Ups J Med Sci. 1987;92(1):65-73. doi: 10.3109/03009738709178679.
A study of the clinical presentation and conceivable causes of chronic renal failure (CRF) in 61 Sudanese patients in Khartoum is presented. The clinical features involved almost all the systems, however, gastrointestinal and cardiovascular signs and symptoms predominated. The causes of chronic renal failure in Sudan and Sweden are also studied for comparison. The causes of CRF in Sudan are chronic glomerulonephritis, obstructive nephropathy (stone disease), hypertension and diabetes mellitus in that order. The main causes of CRF in Sweden are chronic glomerulonephritis, diabetes mellitus and chronic pyelonephritis. Of the 61 Sudanese patients 16 have kidney transplants, only one in Sudan, three patients are on regular hemodialysis, nine patients are on intermittent peritoneal dialysis, 16 are on conservative treatment and 17 died during the course of treatment.
本文介绍了对喀土穆61名苏丹患者慢性肾衰竭（CRF）临床表现及可能病因的研究。临床特征几乎涉及所有系统，不过，胃肠道和心血管系统的体征和症状最为突出。同时还对苏丹和瑞典慢性肾衰竭的病因进行了比较研究。苏丹慢性肾衰竭的病因依次为慢性肾小球肾炎、梗阻性肾病（结石病）、高血压和糖尿病。瑞典慢性肾衰竭的主要病因是慢性肾小球肾炎、糖尿病和慢性肾盂肾炎。61名苏丹患者中，16人接受了肾移植，其中仅1人在苏丹进行移植；3名患者定期接受血液透析，9名患者接受间歇性腹膜透析，16名患者接受保守治疗，17名患者在治疗过程中死亡。
