Morabito Carmela
Nuncius. 2017;32(2):472-500.
Ever since the phrenological heads of the early 19th century, maps have translated into images our ideas, theories and models of the brain, making this organ at one and the same time scientific object and representation. Brain maps have always served as gateways for navigating and visualizing neuroscientific knowledge, and over time many different maps have been produced – firstly as tools to “read” and analyse the cerebral territory, then as instruments to produce new models of the brain. Over the last 150 years brain cartography has evolved from a way of identifying brain regions and localizing them for clinical use to an anatomical framework onto which information about local properties and functions can be integrated to provide a view of the brain’s structural and functional architecture. In this paper a historical and epistemological consideration of the topic is offered as a contribution to the understanding of contemporary brain mapping, based on the assumption that the brain continuously rewires itself in relation to individual experience.
自19世纪早期的颅相学头部模型以来，地图就将我们关于大脑的想法、理论和模型转化为图像，使这个器官同时成为科学研究对象和表征。脑图谱一直是导航和可视化神经科学知识的通道，随着时间的推移，人们绘制了许多不同的图谱——最初是作为“读取”和分析脑区的工具，然后是生成大脑新模型的手段。在过去的150年里，脑图谱已从一种识别脑区并将其定位以供临床使用的方式，演变成一个解剖学框架，有关局部特性和功能的信息可以整合到这个框架上，以呈现大脑的结构和功能架构。本文基于大脑会根据个体经历不断重新布线的假设，对该主题进行历史和认识论的思考，以促进对当代脑图谱的理解。
