School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4122, Australia.
School of Applied Psychology, Griffith University, Brisbane, Queensland, 4122, Australia; Centre for Youth Substance Abuse Research, The University of Queensland, Brisbane, Queensland, 4072, Australia.
Appetite. 2019 Feb 1;133:70-76. doi: 10.1016/j.appet.2018.10.023. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
Reinforcement Sensitivity Theory has been used to investigate personality in the development and maintenance of disordered eating. However, the vast majority of research from this perspective has been limited by the use of measures developed to assess the original theory, rather than the significantly revised theory, potentially overlooking key personality differences in eating disorder subtypes. The current study aimed to overcome limitations when using measures based on the original theory by investigating differences and similarities in reinforcement sensitivity across eating disorder subtypes and healthy controls. The measure based on the revised theory assesses i) reward sensitivity [goal-drive persistence; reward interest, reward reactivity], ii) impulsivity, iii) behavioural inhibition, and iv) threat sensitivity. A total of 374 women from the community participated, including those with a past or present AN-R diagnosis (AN-R = 109); those with a past or present binge-type ED (Binge-type = 132); and healthy controls (HC = 133). Participants completed a questionnaire assessing personality, eating disorder symptoms, and past or present eating disorder diagnoses. Results showed that both the AN-R and Binge-type groups were higher in behavioural inhibition and threat sensitivity compared to the HC group. The Binge-type group showed higher impulsivity relative to the AN-R and HC group, and lower Goal-Drive Persistence relative to the HC group. The AN-R group showed lower Reward Interest and Reward Responsiveness relative to the HC group. This study supports and extends previous research with the findings of heightened threat and anxiety sensitivity in those with diagnosed eating disorders. Additionally, among those with a past or present eating disorder, the findings implicate impulsivity in differentiating bingeing versus restricting subtypes.
强化敏感性理论被用于研究人格在饮食失调的发展和维持中的作用。然而，从这个角度进行的绝大多数研究都受到了限制，因为它们使用的是为评估原始理论而开发的测量方法，而不是为评估经过重大修订的理论而开发的方法，这可能忽略了饮食障碍亚型中关键的人格差异。本研究旨在克服使用基于原始理论的测量方法的局限性，研究饮食障碍亚型和健康对照组之间强化敏感性的差异和相似之处。基于修订后的理论的测量方法评估了 i）奖励敏感性[目标驱动坚持；奖励兴趣；奖励反应性]，ii）冲动性，iii）行为抑制，和 iv）威胁敏感性。共有 374 名社区女性参与了研究，包括过去或现在患有 AN-R 诊断的女性（AN-R=109）；过去或现在患有暴食型 ED 的女性（暴食型=132）；和健康对照组（HC=133）。参与者完成了一份评估人格、饮食障碍症状和过去或现在饮食障碍诊断的问卷。结果表明，与 HC 组相比，AN-R 组和暴食型组的行为抑制和威胁敏感性更高。与 AN-R 组和 HC 组相比，暴食型组的冲动性更高，而目标驱动坚持则更低。与 HC 组相比，AN-R 组的奖励兴趣和奖励反应性更低。这项研究支持并扩展了之前的研究，发现患有饮食障碍的个体存在更高的威胁和焦虑敏感性。此外，在那些过去或现在患有饮食障碍的人中，发现冲动性可以区分暴食和限制亚型。
