Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany; Fraunhofer Institute for Interfacial Engineering and Biotechnology IGB, Nobelstrasse 12, 70569 Stuttgart, Germany.
Department of Women's Health, Research Institute for Women's Health, Eberhard Karls University, Silcherstrasse 7/1, 72076 Tübingen, Germany.
Adv Drug Deliv Rev. 2019 Feb 1;140:101-128. doi: 10.1016/j.addr.2018.10.010. Epub 2018 Oct 22.
Diabetes mellitus (DM) ranks among the severest global health concerns of the 21st century. It encompasses a group of chronic disorders characterized by a dysregulated glucose metabolism, which arises as a consequence of progressive autoimmune destruction of pancreatic beta-cells (type 1 DM), or as a result of beta-cell dysfunction combined with systemic insulin resistance (type 2 DM). Human cohort studies have provided evidence of genetic and environmental contributions to DM; yet, these studies are mostly restricted to investigating statistical correlations between DM and certain risk factors. Mechanistic studies, on the other hand, aimed at re-creating the clinical picture of human DM in animal models. A translation to human biology is, however, often inadequate owing to significant differences between animal and human physiology, including the species-specific glucose regulation. Thus, there is an urgent need for the development of advanced human in vitro models with the potential to identify novel treatment options for DM. This review provides an overview of the technological advances in research on DM-relevant stem cells and their integration into microphysiological environments as provided by the organ-on-a-chip technology.
糖尿病（DM）是 21 世纪全球最严重的健康问题之一。它包括一组以葡萄糖代谢失调为特征的慢性疾病，这是由于胰腺β细胞的进行性自身免疫破坏（1 型 DM）引起的，或者是由于β细胞功能障碍与全身胰岛素抵抗（2 型 DM）相结合引起的。人类队列研究为 DM 的遗传和环境因素提供了证据；然而，这些研究大多仅限于调查 DM 与某些危险因素之间的统计相关性。另一方面，旨在在动物模型中重现人类 DM 临床特征的机制研究。然而，由于动物和人类生理学之间存在显著差异，包括物种特异性的葡萄糖调节，这种转化在人类生物学中往往是不充分的。因此，迫切需要开发具有潜在能力的先进的人类体外模型，以确定 DM 的新治疗选择。本综述概述了与 DM 相关的干细胞研究的技术进展及其在器官芯片技术提供的微生理环境中的整合。
