Cho Myung Hyun, Kang Hee Gyung
Department of Pediatrics, Seoul National University Children's Hospital, Seoul National University College of Medicine, Seoul, Korea.
Korean J Pediatr. 2018 Nov;61(11):339-347. doi: 10.3345/kjp.2018.06996. Epub 2018 Oct 23.
Acute kidney injury (AKI) is characterized by abrupt deterioration of renal function, and its diagnosis relies on creatinine measurements and urine output. AKI is associated with higher morbidity and mortality, and is a risk factor for development of chronic kidney disease. There is no proven medication for AKI. Therefore, prevention and early detection are important. Physicians should be aware of the risk factors for AKI and should monitor renal function in high-risk patients. Management of AKI includes optimization of volume status and renal perfusion, avoidance of nephrotoxic agents, and sufficient nutritional support. Continuous renal replacement therapy is widely available for critically ill children, and this review provides basic information regarding this therapy. Long-term follow-up of patients with AKI for renal function, blood pressure, and proteinuria is recommended.
急性肾损伤（AKI）的特征是肾功能急剧恶化，其诊断依赖于肌酐测量和尿量。AKI与更高的发病率和死亡率相关，并且是慢性肾脏病发生的一个危险因素。目前尚无经证实有效的治疗AKI的药物。因此，预防和早期检测很重要。医生应了解AKI的危险因素，并应对高危患者的肾功能进行监测。AKI的管理包括优化容量状态和肾脏灌注、避免使用肾毒性药物以及提供充足的营养支持。连续性肾脏替代治疗在危重症儿童中广泛应用，本综述提供了有关该治疗的基本信息。建议对AKI患者进行肾功能、血压和蛋白尿的长期随访。
