Shifa College of Nursing, Islamabad, Pakistan.
Memorial School of Nursing, Memorial University of Newfoundland, St. John's, Newfoundland and Labrador, Canada.
J Clin Nurs. 2019 Mar;28(5-6):762-774. doi: 10.1111/jocn.14708. Epub 2018 Nov 23.
To outline and examine the literature about self-awareness in nursing and to identify areas for future research and practice.
Self-awareness is important for the personal and professional development of nurses, for developing an effective nurse-patient relationship and for improving nursing abilities. Despite its importance in nursing and therapeutic nurse-patient relationship and its evolving nature, the knowledge base for self-awareness in nursing remains under-examined.
A scoping review using PRISMA guidelines.
A five-step approach: (a) identification of research question; (b) identification of relevant studies using a three-step search: keywords search within PubMed and CINAHL, literature search within PubMed, CINAHL, ERIC, PsycINFO, Science Direct and Google Scholar, and literature search of references lists; (c) study selection; (d) data extraction and charting; (e) data collation, summarisation and reporting, was used.
Of 1,531 identified sources, 76 full-text sources were read and 29 English language sources, published from January 1980 until January 2018, which included nurses or nursing students, were reviewed. Two themes: perspectives on self-awareness and strategies for enhancing self-awareness emerged. Under these themes, conceptualisation of self-awareness; its antecedents and value; and theory-based, educational and personal strategies for its enhancement were described. There is sufficient literature regarding self-awareness conceptualisation and theory-based strategies for its enhancement, but inconclusive evidence regarding value of self-awareness, and educational and personal strategies for its improvement.
There is limited research on self-awareness. Most of the literature comprises of theoretical discussions and opinions which adequately provide a conceptual understanding of self-awareness. However, more empirical and applied research is needed to apply the available theoretical knowledge in practice.
This review delineated theoretical, educational and personal strategies for nurses to improve their self-awareness and indicated that engagement in self-awareness at relational and contextual levels is essential for developing nurse-patient relationship.
概述并检查护理中自我意识的文献，并确定未来研究和实践的领域。
自我意识对护士的个人和职业发展、发展有效的护患关系以及提高护理能力非常重要。尽管自我意识在护理和治疗性护患关系中很重要，而且它还在不断发展，但护理中自我意识的知识基础仍未得到充分研究。
使用 PRISMA 指南进行范围审查。
采用五步方法：(a)确定研究问题；(b)使用三步搜索识别相关研究：在 PubMed 和 CINAHL 中进行关键词搜索、在 PubMed、CINAHL、ERIC、PsycINFO、Science Direct 和 Google Scholar 中进行文献搜索、以及对参考文献列表进行文献搜索；(c)研究选择；(d)数据提取和图表绘制；(e)数据整理、总结和报告。
在 1531 个已识别的来源中，阅读了 76 篇全文来源，回顾了 29 篇发表于 1980 年 1 月至 2018 年 1 月的英文来源，其中包括护士或护理学生。出现了两个主题：自我意识的观点和增强自我意识的策略。在这些主题下，描述了自我意识的概念化；其前因和价值；以及基于理论、教育和个人的增强自我意识的策略。关于自我意识的概念化及其增强的理论策略有足够的文献，但关于自我意识的价值以及增强自我意识的教育和个人策略的证据尚无定论。
关于自我意识的研究有限。大多数文献都包含理论讨论和观点，这些观点充分提供了自我意识的概念理解。然而，需要更多的实证和应用研究将现有理论知识应用于实践。
本综述阐述了护士提高自我意识的理论、教育和个人策略，并表明在关系和背景层面上参与自我意识对于发展护患关系至关重要。
