Edinboro University of Pennsylvania, USA.
J Interpers Violence. 2021 Jun;36(11-12):NP5663-NP5677. doi: 10.1177/0886260518807913. Epub 2018 Oct 26.
In this retrospective study of 244 adult survivors of child sexual abuse (CSA), their experiences of childhood polyvictimization were analyzed as to their cumulative effect on trauma symptoms, education, and income levels. The data were gathered by anonymously sampling adult survivors of CSA from websites that were specific to this population (such as online peer support groups). Their experiences of victimization were examined as to Cumulative Polyvictimization, Witnessing Traumas (such as witnessing intimate partner violence), and Experiencing Traumas (such as child physical abuse). The majority of the sample (87%) experienced polyvictimization in childhood (in combination with CSA), with the largest part of the sample (83%) experiencing emotional abuse by someone close to them, and the smallest part of the sample (22%) experiencing child physical abuse by someone with whom they were not close. The results of the linear regressions showed that both experiencing and witnessing trauma were significantly associated with trauma symptoms for CSA survivors. These results suggest that both types of victimization (experiencing and witnessing) need to be treated as direct traumas, and a more holistic approach toward survivors of CSA is needed toward assessment and treatment.
在这项对 244 名成年儿童性虐待幸存者的回顾性研究中，分析了他们在童年时期遭受多种创伤的经历对创伤症状、教育和收入水平的累积影响。这些数据是通过匿名从专门针对这一人群的 CSA 成年幸存者网站（如在线同伴支持小组）中抽样获得的。他们的受害经历包括累积性多受害者化、目睹创伤（如目睹亲密伴侣暴力）和经历创伤（如儿童身体虐待）。大多数样本（87%）在童年时期经历过多种创伤（与 CSA 同时发生），其中最大的一部分样本（83%）经历过来自亲近的人的情感虐待，最小的一部分样本（22%）经历过来自与他们不亲近的人的儿童身体虐待。线性回归的结果表明，经历和目睹创伤与 CSA 幸存者的创伤症状显著相关。这些结果表明，这两种类型的受害（经历和目睹）都需要被视为直接创伤，需要对 CSA 幸存者采取更全面的评估和治疗方法。
