Rabin Marcie L, Earnhardt Mary Cathryn, Patel Anvi, Ganihong Ivana, Kurlan Roger
Atlantic Neuroscience Institute Overlook Medical Center Summit New Jersey USA.
Mov Disord Clin Pract. 2016 Jul 18;3(6):538-547. doi: 10.1002/mdc3.12386. eCollection 2016 Nov-Dec.
Stooped posture was mentioned in the original description of the characteristic features of Parkinson's disease (PD). Since then, a variety of postural, bone, and joint problems have become recognized as common aspects of the illness and deserve attention.
A Medline literature search for the period from 1970 to 2016 was performed to identify articles relevant to this topic. Keywords for the search included posture, spine, bone disorders, fractures, joint disorders, kyphosis, scoliosis, stooping, camptocormia, Pisa syndrome, frozen shoulder, anterocollis, dropped head syndrome, and pain in combination with PD. The articles were then reviewed to summarize clinical features, frequency, impact, pathophysiology, and treatment options for these conditions.
Postural disorders (kyphoscoliosis, camptocormia, Pisa syndrome, dropped head syndrome), bone mineralization disorders (osteoporosis, bone fractures), and joint disorders (frozen shoulder, dystonia involving joints, joint pain) are often seen in association with PD. Treatment options for these conditions are varied and may include medications, physical therapy, or surgical interventions.
Posture, bone, and joint disorders are common in patients with PD; they often produce added disability, and they may be treatable.
帕金森病（PD）特征性表现的最初描述中提到了弯腰姿势。从那时起，各种姿势、骨骼和关节问题已被公认为该疾病的常见方面，值得关注。
对1970年至2016年期间的Medline文献进行检索，以识别与该主题相关的文章。检索关键词包括姿势、脊柱、骨疾病、骨折、关节疾病、脊柱后凸、脊柱侧凸、弯腰、褶曲性驼背、比萨综合征、肩周炎、颈前倾、垂头综合征以及与PD相关的疼痛。然后对这些文章进行综述，以总结这些病症的临床特征、发生率、影响、病理生理学和治疗选择。
姿势障碍（脊柱后凸侧凸、褶曲性驼背、比萨综合征、垂头综合征）、骨矿化障碍（骨质疏松症、骨折）和关节疾病（肩周炎、累及关节的肌张力障碍、关节疼痛）常与PD相关。这些病症的治疗选择多种多样，可能包括药物治疗、物理治疗或手术干预。
姿势、骨骼和关节疾病在PD患者中很常见；它们常常会增加残疾程度，并且可能是可治疗的。
