The complete mitochondrial genome of and comparative analysis in the family Vespidae (Hymenoptera, Vespidae, Eumeninae).

To date, only one mitochondrial genome (mitogenome) in the Eumeninae has been reported in the world and this is the first report in China. The mitogenome of is 17 972 bp long, and contains 38 genes, including 13 protein coding genes (PCGs), 23 tRNA genes, two rRNA genes, a long non-coding region (NCR), and a control region (CR). The mitogenome has 79.43% A + T content, its 13 PCGs use ATN as the initiation codon except for using TTG, and nine genes used complete translation termination TAA and four genes have incomplete stop codon T (, , , and ). Twenty-two of 23 tRNAs can form the typical cloverleaf secondary structure except for . The CR is 1 078 bp long with 84.69% A+T content, comprising 28 bp tandem repeat sequences and 13 bp T-strech. There are two gene rearrangements which are an extra located between and and the in the upstream of . Within all rearrangements of these mitogenomes reported in the family Vespidae, the translocation between and genes only appears in Vespinae, and the translocation of in Polistinae and Vespinae. The absent codons of 13 PCGs in Polistinae are more than those both in Vespinae and Eumeninae in the family Vespidae. The study reports the complete mitogenome of , compares the characteristics and construct phylogenetic relationships of the mitogenomes in the family Vespidae.