Li Hu, Leavengood John M, Chapman Eric G, Burkhardt Daniel, Song Fan, Jiang Pei, Liu Jinpeng, Zhou Xuguo, Cai Wanzhi
Key Laboratory of Pest Monitoring and Green Management, Ministry of Agriculture, Department of Entomology, China Agricultural University, Beijing 100193, People's Republic of China.
Department of Entomology, University of Kentucky, Lexington, KY 40546, USA.
Proc Biol Sci. 2017 Sep 13;284(1862). doi: 10.1098/rspb.2017.1223.
Hemiptera, the largest non-holometabolous order of insects, represents approximately 7% of metazoan diversity. With extraordinary life histories and highly specialized morphological adaptations, hemipterans have exploited diverse habitats and food sources through approximately 300 Myr of evolution. To elucidate the phylogeny and evolutionary history of Hemiptera, we carried out the most comprehensive mitogenomics analysis on the richest taxon sampling to date covering all the suborders and infraorders, including 34 newly sequenced and 94 published mitogenomes. With optimized branch length and sequence heterogeneity, Bayesian analyses using a site-heterogeneous mixture model resolved the higher-level hemipteran phylogeny as (Sternorrhyncha, (Auchenorrhyncha, (Coleorrhyncha, Heteroptera))). Ancestral character state reconstruction and divergence time estimation suggest that the success of true bugs (Heteroptera) is probably due to angiosperm coevolution, but key adaptive innovations (e.g. prognathous mouthpart, predatory behaviour, and haemelytron) facilitated multiple independent shifts among diverse feeding habits and multiple independent colonizations of aquatic habitats.
半翅目是昆虫中最大的不完全变态类目，约占后生动物多样性的7%。通过约3亿年的进化，半翅目昆虫拥有非凡的生活史和高度特化的形态适应能力，从而利用了多样的栖息地和食物来源。为了阐明半翅目的系统发育和进化历史，我们进行了迄今为止最全面的线粒体基因组学分析，对最丰富的分类群样本进行了研究，涵盖了所有亚目和下目，包括34个新测序的和94个已发表的线粒体基因组。通过优化分支长度和序列异质性，使用位点异质混合模型的贝叶斯分析将半翅目的高级系统发育解析为（胸喙亚目，（颈喙亚目，（鞘喙亚目，异翅亚目）））。祖先特征状态重建和分歧时间估计表明，真正的蝽类（异翅亚目）的成功可能归因于与被子植物的协同进化，但关键的适应性创新（如前口式口器、捕食行为和半鞘翅）促进了在不同取食习性之间的多次独立转变以及对水生栖息地的多次独立定殖。
