低剂量章鱼胺注射可增强凡纳滨对虾的免疫抵抗功能。
Transient enhancement of immune resistance functions in Litopenaeus vannamei through a low-dose octopamine injection.
机构信息
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
Department of Aquaculture, National Pingtung University of Science and Technology, Pingtung, 91201, Taiwan, ROC.
出版信息
Fish Shellfish Immunol. 2019 Jan;84:532-540. doi: 10.1016/j.fsi.2018.10.060. Epub 2018 Oct 24.
Octopamine (OA) is known to play an important role in regulating invertebrate immune responses. In this study, we determined the effects of OA on immunity and physiological regulation in the white shrimp Litopenaeus vannamei. The total haemocyte count (THC), differential haemocyte count (DHC), phenoloxidase (PO) activity, respiratory bursts (RBs), superoxide dismutase (SOD) activity, and lysozyme, glucose, and lactate levels in plasma, and phagocytic activity and clearance efficiency in response to the pathogen, Vibrio alginolyticus, were measured when shrimp (11.1-13.0 g) were individually injected with saline or OA at 100 and 1000 pmol shrimp. Results showed significant increases in THC, semigranular cells (SGCs), and PO activity per 50 μL of haemolymph at 0.5-4 h; granular cells at 0.5-2 h; respiratory bursts (RBs) at 0.5-1 h; phagocytic activity at 2-4 h; and clearance efficiency at 2-8 h, but PO activity per granulocyte at 0.5-2 h significantly decreased after the OA injection. All of the immune parameters had returned to control values by 8 h after receiving OA except granular cells at 4 h, RBs at 2 h, clearance efficiency at 16 h, and PO activity per granulocyte at 4 h. However, no significant differences were observed in hyaline cells, RBs per haemocyte, lysozyme and SOD activities, glucose, or lactate during the experimental period. An injection of OA also significantly decreased the mortality of shrimp challenged with V. alginolyticus. In another experiment, the immune-related genes of transglutaminase-I, lipopolysaccharide- and β-1,3-glucan-binding protein, prophenoloxidase-II, and peroxidase of shrimp that received 1000 pmol OA shrimp for 1 h were significantly higher than those of shrimp that received the saline control. These results suggest that OA administration at ≤1000 pmol shrimp mediates transient upregulation of immunity, which in turn promotes the resistance of L. vannamei to V. alginolyticus.
章鱼胺 (OA) 被认为在调节无脊椎动物免疫反应中起着重要作用。在这项研究中，我们确定了 OA 对凡纳滨对虾 Litopenaeus vannamei 免疫和生理调节的影响。当虾（11.1-13.0 g）分别用生理盐水或 100 和 1000 pmol 虾 OA 注射时，测量了总血细胞计数（THC）、差异血细胞计数（DHC）、酚氧化酶（PO）活性、呼吸爆发（RB）、超氧化物歧化酶（SOD）活性、血浆中的溶菌酶、葡萄糖和乳酸水平以及对病原体粘质沙雷氏菌的吞噬活性和清除效率。结果表明，在 0.5-4 小时内，每 50 μL 血淋巴中的 THC、半颗粒细胞（SGC）和 PO 活性显著增加；在 0.5-2 小时内颗粒细胞增加；在 0.5-1 小时内呼吸爆发（RB）增加；在 2-4 小时内吞噬活性增加；在 2-8 小时内清除效率增加，但在 OA 注射后 0.5-2 小时内每颗粒细胞的 PO 活性显著降低。在接受 OA 后 8 小时内，除了在 4 小时时的颗粒细胞、在 2 小时时的 RB、在 16 小时时的清除效率和在 4 小时时的每颗粒细胞的 PO 活性外，所有的免疫参数都恢复到对照值。然而，在实验期间，透明细胞、每血细胞的 RB、溶菌酶和 SOD 活性、葡萄糖或乳酸均无显著差异。OA 的注射也显著降低了虾对粘质沙雷氏菌的死亡率。在另一个实验中，接受 1000 pmol OA 虾 1 小时的虾的转谷氨酰胺酶-I、脂多糖和β-1,3-葡聚糖结合蛋白、原酚氧化酶-II 和过氧化物酶的免疫相关基因显著高于接受生理盐水对照的虾。这些结果表明，OA 给药≤1000 pmol 虾介导了免疫的短暂上调，从而促进了凡纳滨对虾对粘质沙雷氏菌的抵抗力。
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