De Conti Lessandro, Ceretta Carlos A, Melo George W B, Tiecher Tadeu L, Silva Lincon O S, Garlet Luana P, Mimmo Tanja, Cesco Stefano, Brunetto Gustavo
Federal Institute of Education, Science and Technology Farroupilha, 98590-000, Santo Augusto, RS, Brazil.
Department of Soil Science of the Federal University of Santa Maria, 97105-900, Santa Maria, RS, Brazil.
Chemosphere. 2019 Feb;216:147-156. doi: 10.1016/j.chemosphere.2018.10.134. Epub 2018 Oct 19.
Intercropping may be a strategy for phytoremediation of vineyard soils with high copper (Cu) content. The study aimed to evaluate the contribution of South American native grasses in limiting Cu availability and toxicity in soils grown with grapevines. The soil used in the experiment was collected in natural grassland with no history of cultivation. The samples were air-dried; acidity, P and K levels were corrected and samples were then incubated. We used three Cu levels - natural content (Dose 0) and the addition of 40 and 80 mg Cu kg of soil (Dose 40 and 80). At each Cu dose, grapevine was grown in three cropping treatments: monocropping, intercropping with Paspalum plicatulum and intercropping with Axonopus affinis. In intercropping, two grass seedlings were transplanted into each experimental unit 35 days prior to the transplanting of the grapevines. The soil solution was sampled and ionic speciation was carried out. At 70 days after planting, we sampled the grapevines to determine dry matter, morphological parameters and nutrient concentration in the roots and shoots. Intercropping young grapevines with Paspalum plicatulum and Axonopus affinis was efficient in promoting the growth of young grapevines at moderate and low levels of Cu contamination by reducing Cu bioavailability. This indicates that maintaining native grasses in young vineyards is an effective strategy for phytoremediating Cu-contaminated soils and obtaining a grape production system with reduced interventions in the native environment, in addition to contributing to soil protection and nutrient cycling.
间作可能是对铜（Cu）含量高的葡萄园土壤进行植物修复的一种策略。该研究旨在评估南美本土草类在限制葡萄种植土壤中铜的有效性和毒性方面的作用。实验所用土壤取自无种植历史的天然草地。样品风干后，校正酸度、磷和钾水平，然后进行培养。我们设置了三个铜水平——自然含量（剂量0）以及每千克土壤添加40毫克和80毫克铜（剂量40和80）。在每个铜剂量下，葡萄采用三种种植处理方式：单作、与皱叶雀稗间作以及与近缘地毯草间作。在间作中，在葡萄移栽前35天，将两棵草苗移植到每个实验单元中。采集土壤溶液并进行离子形态分析。种植70天后，对葡萄进行采样，以测定根系和地上部的干物质、形态参数以及养分浓度。在中低水平铜污染情况下，将幼龄葡萄与皱叶雀稗和近缘地毯草间作能有效促进幼龄葡萄生长，这是通过降低铜的生物有效性实现的。这表明在幼龄葡萄园保留本土草类是对铜污染土壤进行植物修复以及获得对原生环境干预减少的葡萄生产系统的有效策略，此外还有助于土壤保护和养分循环。
