Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
Center for Environment and Water Resources, College of Chemistry and Chemical Engineering, Central South University, Changsha, 410083, PR China; Key Laboratory of Hunan Province for Water Environment and Agriculture Product Safety, Changsha, 410083, PR China.
Environ Pollut. 2019 Jan;244:462-468. doi: 10.1016/j.envpol.2018.10.026. Epub 2018 Oct 8.
Increasing attention has been devoted to the adverse effects of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) on aquatic environments, such as water, sediment and sludge. To date, few studies have investigated the bio-accumulative characteristics of EDCs in different tissues of diverse wild freshwater fish species and their combined impacts on human health. Five EDCs were investigated in the muscle, liver, gill and, especially, gonad of three fish species collected from the Xiangjiang River, southern China. Carnivorous Siniperca Chuatsi or omnivorous Cyprinus Carpio accumulated higher contents of bisphenol A (BPA) and estrone than herbivorous Parabramis Pekinensis in muscle. Furthermore, 4-n-nonylphenol and estrone were found at higher levels and more frequently in the liver, implying that the liver played an important role in basic metabolism for accumulation, biotransformation and excretion of EDCs. Highest concentrations of BPA found in the gonad revealed that the BPA may pose a serious threat to the reproductive system of aquatic organisms. The mean liver/muscle concentration ratios of 4-n-nonylphenol, BPA, estrone and 17α-ethynyl estradiol confirmed the prolonged exposure of the fish to these EDCs. In addition, the relationships between the fish sizes and the EDC concentrations analyzed by Pearson correlation analysis implied that the bioaccumulation of diethylstilbestrol and BPA increased with the growth of Parabramis Pekinensis, and there was a balance between the uptake rate and elimination rate of EDCs in Siniperca Chuatsi and Cyprinus Carpio. Most importantly, the cumulative impacts of combined EDCs on human health by fish consumption were evaluated. The total estradiol equivalent quantity of estrogens was higher than that of phenols. Also, based on the results of the Monte-Carlo simulation, the 95th percentile values of the total estimated daily intakes from consuming the three freshwater fish species from the Xiangjiang River were higher than the acceptable daily intake.
人们越来越关注内分泌干扰化学物质（EDCs）对水生环境（如水、沉积物和污泥）的不良影响。迄今为止，很少有研究调查不同组织中 EDC 在不同淡水鱼类物种中的生物累积特征及其对人类健康的综合影响。研究人员在中国南方的湘江采集了三种鱼类，检测了它们肌肉、肝脏、鳃，尤其是性腺中的五种 EDC。肉食性的翘嘴鲌和杂食性的鲤鱼肌肉中双酚 A（BPA）和雌酮的含量高于草食性的草鱼。此外，4-壬基酚和雌酮在肝脏中的含量更高，出现的频率也更高，这表明肝脏在 EDC 的积累、生物转化和排泄的基本代谢中起着重要作用。在性腺中发现的 BPA 浓度最高，这表明 BPA 可能对水生生物的生殖系统构成严重威胁。4-壬基酚、BPA、雌酮和 17α-乙炔雌二醇的肝/肌肉浓度比值平均值证实了鱼类长期暴露于这些 EDC 中。此外，通过 Pearson 相关分析研究鱼类大小与 EDC 浓度之间的关系表明，双酚 A 和己烯雌酚在草鱼中的生物累积量随着生长而增加，而 Siniperca Chuatsi 和 Cyprinus Carpio 中 EDC 的吸收速率和消除速率之间存在平衡。最重要的是，评估了鱼类消费中联合 EDC 对人类健康的累积影响。雌激素的总雌二醇当量量高于酚类。此外，基于蒙特卡罗模拟的结果，从湘江三种淡水鱼中摄入的三种鱼类的总估计日摄入量的第 95 百分位数值高于可接受的日摄入量。
